Epidemiologic Differences Between Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian Children

Bern, Caryn; Ortega, Ynés R.; Checkley, William; Roberts, Jacquelin M.; Lescano, Andrés G.; Cabrera, Lilia; Manuela, Verastegui; Black, Robert E.; Sterling, Charles R.; Gilman, Robert H.

doi:10.3201/eid0806.01-0331

Cited by 114 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast, a longitudinal study from Peru consistently identified more asymptomatic infections than symptomatic infections. 4,27,29 Both longitudinal studies from Brazil and Israel and those from Guinea-Bissau 32 and Uganda 2 identified more persistent (diarrhea lasting ≥ 14 days) diarrhea than acute diarrhea (diarrhea lasting less than 4 days). However, no persistent diarrhea was found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies of children in developing countries have reported multiple infections in 14-30% of cases. [27][28][29] Longitudinal studies from Brazil 30 and Israel 28 and cross-sectional studies on children with diarrhea from Uganda and Mexico 2, 31 have reported a greater prevalence of symptomatic infections than asymptomatic infections. In contrast, a longitudinal study from Peru consistently identified more asymptomatic infections than symptomatic infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Ajjampur¹,

Sarkar²,

Sankaran³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. We investigated symptomatic and asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 20 children less than two years of age in a semi-urban slum in southern India. All surveillance (conducted every two weeks) and diarrheal samples from 20 children (n = 1,036) with cryptosporidial diarrhea previously identified by stool microscopy were tested by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism for species and subgenotype determination. Thirty-five episodes of cryptosporidiosis were identified in 20 children, of which 25 were diarrheal. Fifteen episodes were associated with prolonged oocyst shedding. Multiple episodes of cryptosporidiosis occurred in 40% of the children. Most infections were with C. hominis, subtype Ia. Children with multiple infections had significantly lower weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores at 24 months but had scores comparable with children with a single episode by 36 months. Multiple symptomatic Cryptosporidium infections associated with prolonged oocyst shedding occur frequently in this disease-endemic area and may contribute to the long-term effects of cryptosporidiosis on physical growth in these children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Ajjampur¹,

Sarkar²,

Sankaran³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Peaks in Cryptosporidium prevalence appear to correspond with warmer seasons in temperate and tropical climates (Bern et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Study on Endoparasites of Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Egypt with Special Reference to Their Health Impact

Elshahawy¹,

El-Goniemy²

2018

JSM

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“…Most families immigrated from either the Peruvian Andes or coastal communities in the 1980s (15). Data collected by the non-profit organization AB PRISMA demonstrated that 97% of homes had electricity, 48% had toilets, and 64% had a household water connection (16). AB PRISMA has operated a field research site in Pampas since 1986.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide YY: A Gut Hormone Associated with Anorexia during Infectious Diarrhea in Children

Beck

Cabrera

Pan

et al. 2008

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective-To evaluate the effects of diarrhea on appetite among Peruvian children ages 12 to 71 months and to assess whether elevated plasma levels of peptide YY, TNF-α, and IL-1β contribute to anorexia in this population. Study design-46Peruvian children with diarrhea and 46 healthy controls underwent an observed feeding trial that was repeated when cases were healthy. Blood was taken from 30 cases Corresponding Author: Amy Beck, 414 Warren Dr. #3 San Francisco, CA 94131, Phone:(203) Fax: (415) . Reprint request author: Amy BeckPublisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript and controls at the first trial and from 30 cases at the second trial and was assayed for peptide YY, TNF-α, and IL-1β.Results-The mean consumption of cases when sick was less than when healthy. The mean plasma level of peptide YY was higher for cases than controls and higher for cases when sick compared with cases when healthy. TNF-α levels were higher in cases than controls at visit 1 and also higher in cases when sick than when healthy. There were no differences in IL-1β levels between cases and controls or between cases when sick and healthy. Peptide YY levels in children with diarrhea correlated with the likelihood of them eating less when sick compared with when healthy.Conclusions-Elevated serum peptide YY may be a mechanism for anorexia among children with diarrhea. Keywordsappetite; gastroenteritis; malnutrition; gut hormone Diarrheal illness is a major cause of malnutrition among children in the developing world (1,2,3,4). Proposed mechanisms by which diarrhea may cause malnutrition include malabsorption of nutrients, increased metabolic demand and decreased intake from diarrheaassociated anorexia. The question of whether diarrhea leads to a decrease in appetite in children is particularly important to address because anorexia may thwart caregivers' attempts to ensure adequate caloric intake during diarrheal episodes.Observational community studies of infants and toddlers in Nigeria and Peru found that solid food intake was significantly decreased during diarrhea while breast milk intake was unchanged (5,6). In a hospital based study in Bangladesh, children with diarrhea ate nearly 50% less than healthy controls, mostly as a result of decreased intake of non-breast milk sources (7). None of the existing studies on diarrhea and appetite attempted to determine the mechanism of anorexia.Hormonal control of appetite has been a major topic of investigation in recent years leading to the discove...

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Epidemiologic Differences Between Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian Children

Cited by 114 publications

References 20 publications

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium Infections in Children in a Semi-Urban Slum Community in Southern India

An Epidemiological Study on Endoparasites of Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Egypt with Special Reference to Their Health Impact

Peptide YY: A Gut Hormone Associated with Anorexia during Infectious Diarrhea in Children

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