Epidemiologic Situation of HIV and Monkeypox Coinfection: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The most recent monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak is mostly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) who participate in high-risk sexual behaviors, which is typically the case among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carriers, according to clinical and epidemiological statistics. The objective of this research is to determine the epidemiological situation of HIV and smallpox co-infection. Until 1 October 2022, a thorough evaluation of the literature was conducted utilizing the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were evaluated based on the criteria for selection. Fifty-three studies met the selection criteria. A total of 6345 confirmed cases of monkeypox were recorded, and 40.32% (n = 2558) of these cases also had HIV co-infection. In addition, 51.36% (n = 3259) of the men (91.44%; n = 5802), whose ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, exhibited MSM-specific sexual behaviors. Co-infection with these two viruses can be especially dangerous because it can exacerbate the symptoms of both diseases and make them more difficult to treat. People with HIV are more vulnerable to certain infections, including monkeypox, because their immune systems are weakened. Therefore, it is important that they take measures to prevent infection, such as avoiding contact with infected animals, risky behaviors, and maintaining good hygiene.

Perceptions and Intention to Get Vaccinated against Mpox among the LGBTIQ+ Community during the 2022 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peru

“…Before the current mpox outbreak, WHO reported mpox mortality rates of up to 11% [ 49 ]. In addition, at the beginning of the current outbreak, different studies reported that the main affected group was MSM [ 50 ], who have a higher HIV prevalence compared to the general population [ 10 ] and were the predominant group of reported cases with mpox and HIV coinfection [ 45 , 51 , 52 ]. In response, in July 2022, the Peruvian government issued a guideline for the prevention and management of patients with mpox, which considered HIV+ and immunosuppressed patients at risk of developing more severe disease and mpox complications [ 53 ].…”

Virus Identification for Monkeypox in Human Seminal Fluid Samples: A Systematic Review

“…Ortiz-Saavedra B et al reported in their study that 40.32% of cases with MPX had HIV coinfections [ 42 ]. Coinfections with these two viruses are very harmful, as it can aggravate the symptoms of both diseases and make them more difficult to treat.…”

Perceptions and Intention to get vaccinated against Mpox among the LGTBIQ+ Community during the 2022 outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peru

“…Before the current mpox outbreak, WHO reported mpox mortality rates of up to 11% [49]. In addition, at the beginning of the current outbreak, different studies reported that the main affected group was MSM [50], who have a higher HIV prevalence compared to the general population [10] and were the predominant group of reported cases with mpox and HIV coinfection [45,51,52]. In response, in July 2022, the Peruvian government issued a guideline for the prevention and management of patients with mpox, which considered HIV + and immunosuppressed patients to be at risk of developing more severe disease and mpox complications [53].…”