During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in reports of human monkeypox virus infection cases spreading in many countries outside Africa is a major cause for concern. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the evidence of antiviral pharmacotherapy available for the treatment of adult patients with monkeypox. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CENTRAL databases until 12 September 2022. The key search terms used were “monkeypox” and “treatment”. A total of 1927 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After removing duplicates (n = 1007) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 11 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with antiviral treatment were included, detailing the number of monkeypox cases, clinical manifestations, number of participants with antiviral treatment, history of sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location of skin lesions, drugs used in antiviral treatment, route of administration, and outcome. A total of 1281 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 65 monkeypox cases had antiviral treatment distributed most frequently in the United States (n = 30), the United Kingdom (n = 6), and Spain (n = 6). Of the total cases, 1269 (99.1%) were male with an age range of 18 to 76 years, and 1226 (95.7%) had a sexual behavior of being men who have sex with men. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were skin lesions, fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, fatigue, and myalgia. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, facial, and upper and lower extremities. The most commonly used drugs for antiviral treatment of monkeypox were: tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. All patients had a complete recovery. According to current evidence, the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs against monkeypox is of low quality and scarce.

The most recent monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak is mostly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) who participate in high-risk sexual behaviors, which is typically the case among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carriers, according to clinical and epidemiological statistics. The objective of this research is to determine the epidemiological situation of HIV and smallpox co-infection. Until 1 October 2022, a thorough evaluation of the literature was conducted utilizing the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were evaluated based on the criteria for selection. Fifty-three studies met the selection criteria. A total of 6345 confirmed cases of monkeypox were recorded, and 40.32% (n = 2558) of these cases also had HIV co-infection. In addition, 51.36% (n = 3259) of the men (91.44%; n = 5802), whose ages ranged from 18 to 71 years, exhibited MSM-specific sexual behaviors. Co-infection with these two viruses can be especially dangerous because it can exacerbate the symptoms of both diseases and make them more difficult to treat. People with HIV are more vulnerable to certain infections, including monkeypox, because their immune systems are weakened. Therefore, it is important that they take measures to prevent infection, such as avoiding contact with infected animals, risky behaviors, and maintaining good hygiene.

In the past few decades, childhood obesity has become a significant global health issue, impacting around 107.7 million children and adolescents globally. There is currently minimal usage of pharmacological therapies for childhood obesity in the pediatric population. This research assessed the efficacy of liraglutide in treating childhood and adolescent obesity. Until 20 October 2022, a systematic literature review was done utilizing PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search phrases “liraglutide”, “pediatric obesity”, “children”, and “adolescents” were utilized. Using the search method, a total of 185 articles were found. Three studies demonstrating liraglutide’s effectiveness in treating child and adolescent obesity were included. The selected research was done in the United States. As an intervention, liraglutide was administered to 296 participants at a maximal dosage of 3.0 mg. All examined trials were in phase 3. This comprehensive analysis revealed no clinically significant differences between liraglutide and body weight (kg; MD −2.62; 95%CI −6.35 to 1.12; p = 0.17) and body mass index (kg/m2; MD −0.80; 95%CI −2.33 to 0.73, p = 0.31). There was no evidence that liraglutide increased hypoglycemia episodes (RR 1.08; 95%CI 0.37 to 3.15; p = 0.79), or side consequences. However, it was shown that the medicine might help reduce BMI and weight combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. A lifestyle change may have favorable consequences that will be assessed in the future for adjunctive therapy. PROSPERO database (CRD42022347472)

Introduction: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), particularly in preterm sepsis, is a potentially fatal issue. Evaluation of mean platelet volume (MPV) as an EONS predictor was the goal. Methods: Four databases were used to conduct a systematic evaluation of cohort and case–control studies. Up till the end of October 2022, 137 articles were found utilizing the search method. Following the review, 12 studies were included. Leukocytes, MPV, platelets, gender, birth weight, gestational age, mortality, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all taken into account while analyzing the prediction of EONS. Inverse-variance methodology and the random-effects model were used. Using GRADE, the evidence’s quality was evaluated. Results: Neonatal patients with sepsis had significantly higher MPV levels than do neonates without sepsis (MD 1.26; 95% CI 0.89–1.63; p < 0.001). An increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum was associated with high CRP values and high risk of neonatal mortality. In the investigations, the MPV cutoff for sepsis patients was 9.95 (SD 0.843). Overall certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions: The increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum may be predictive of EONS and mortality. Future studies are warranted.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the association between ethnic minority membership and their knowledge about their human health rights in Peru. Design/methodology/approach A secondary analysis of the National Health User Satisfaction Survey 2015–2016 was conducted using an analytical cross-sectional design. Participants who spoke Quechua, Aymara, Awajun, Bora or a language other than Spanish aged 15 year were considered as a racial minority. The question “Do you know that by law you have health rights?” was applied to incorporate knowledge on health rights. Generalized linear models of the Poisson distribution were used to calculate crude prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio. A total of 3,721 responses were included in the analysis. Findings The average age was 38.3 year, and 26.6% were males. The prevalence of belonging to an ethnic minority was 7.7%, and 27.6% of the participants did not know about their health rights. An association was found in the adjusted regression analysis between belonging to an ethnic minority and a greater probability of not knowing human health rights. Originality/value The value of the works lies in one in four participants who did not know he had health rights by law. Belonging to an ethnic minority was associated with not knowing about having human health rights.