Epidemiological and risk analysis of the H7N9 subtype influenza outbreak in China at its early stage

Zhuang, Qingye; Wang, SuChun C.; Wu, MeiLi L.; Liu, Shuo; Jiang, Wenming; Hou, Guangyu; Li, JinPing P.; Wang, KaiCheng C.; Yu, Jianmin; Chen, JiMing M.; Chen, JiWang W.

doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5880-5

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If the A(H7N9) virus manages to spread widely in poultry without detection and becomes highly pathogenic in poultry, food security in China might become a significant concern [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

et al. 2014

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Factors that trigger human infection with animal influenza virus progressing into a pandemic are poorly understood. Within a project developing an evidence-based risk assessment framework for influenza viruses in animals, we conducted a review of the literature for evidence of human infection with animal influenza viruses by diagnostic methods used. The review covering Medline, Embase, SciSearch and CabAbstracts yielded 6,955 articles, of which we retained 89; for influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), the official case counts of the World Health Organization were used. An additional 30 studies were included by scanning the reference lists. Here, we present the findings for confirmed infections with virological evidence. We found reports of 1,419 naturally infected human cases, of which 648 were associated with avian influenza virus (AIV) A(H5N1), 375 with other AIV subtypes, and 396 with swine influenza virus (SIV). Human cases naturally infected with AIV spanned haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. SIV cases were associated with endemic SIV of H1 and H3 subtype descending from North American and Eurasian SIV lineages and various reassortants thereof. Direct exposure to birds or swine was the most likely source of infection for the cases with available information on exposure.

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“…If the A(H7N9) virus manages to spread widely in poultry without detection and becomes highly pathogenic in poultry, food security in China might become a significant concern [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

et al. 2014

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“…At present, animal reservoirs and the specific mode of transmission of the virus to humans are still being investigated and the virus may be more widespread among poultry (14). The risk of H7N9 exposure may be limited to China; however, continuous surveillance activities are still needed to monitor avian, animal, and human viral infections in other areas.…”

Section: Sensitivity and Specificity Of The One-step Real-time Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Diagnostic System for Novel Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Using a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay in Japan

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY:The first human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus were reported in March 2013 in China. The number of confirmed cases continues to increase, although almost all the cases are limited to China. In this study, a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for detecting the novel A(H7N9) virus. This assay was shown to have high specificity, good linearity, and high sensitivity to a broad range of Eurasian H7 viruses. The assay is useful both for diagnostic purposes in cases of suspected human infection with the influenza A(H7N9) virus and in the surveillance of both avian and human influenza viruses. A diagnostic system using this assay was prepared at 74 prefectural and municipal public health institutes and 16 quarantine stations in Japan early into the human H7N9 infection outbreaks, enabling potential diagnoses of H7N9 infection across Japan.

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“…Difference was observed between urban and rural areas. The risk of getting infected with H7N9 in men compared to women was more in urban areas, whereas rural men and women were equally susceptible Yu et al 2013;Zhuang et al 2013). The source of H7N9 virus that infected humans was H7N9 virus outbreaks among chickens in live poultry markets (Bao et al 2013;Chen et al 2013;Shi et al 2013;Tang and Chen 2013).…”

Section: Human Influenza (Flu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Influenza Viruses

Kapoor

Dhama

2014

Insight Into Influenza Viruses of Animals and Humans

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Epidemiological and risk analysis of the H7N9 subtype influenza outbreak in China at its early stage

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)

Development of a Diagnostic System for Novel Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Using a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay in Japan

Epidemiology of Influenza Viruses

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