Epidemiological aspects of rotavirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children with diarrhea: a 5-year survey in Beijing

Abstract

BackgroundDiarrhea caused by viruses is a global problem among young children. We investigated two of the most important agents, rotavirus and adenovirus, to provide epidemiological evidence for a better understanding of their role among children with acute diarrhea.MethodsA total of 3147 hospitalized children were enrolled in the study during 2010 ~ 2014. Antigen testing for rotavirus and DNA testing for adenovirus were performed on stool specimens collected from participants.ResultsThere were 1985 cases of community-acquired diarrhea (CAD) and 1162 cases of hospital-acquired diarrhea (HAD). A total of 692 cases (22.0 %) were positive for rotavirus. Rotavirus was detected in more children with HAD than in those with CAD (24.6 %; 286/1162 vs. 20.5 %; 406/1985). A total of 324 cases (10.3 %) were adenovirus positive. There was a significant difference between the CAD group and HAD group (9.5 %; 188/1985 vs. 11.7 %; 136/1162: χ2 = 3.957, p = 0.047). Co-infection was found in only 35 children (1.11 %), and the co-infection rate was similar between the CAD and HAD groups (χ2 = 1.174, p = 0.279). There was no association between sex and the detection rate of these viruses. The positive rate was significantly different for rotavirus among CAD cases (χ2 = 27.979, p < 0.001) and for adenovirus (χ2 = 34.362, p < 0.001) in the five age groups. Compared with the other four age groups (15.8–19.8 %), the prevalence of rotaviruses was highest among children aged 12–24 months (28.6 %). Adenovirus was detected in 3.6 % of neonates compared with 5.8 % of infants from 1 to 6 months old; this increased to 12.0–13.8 % in children over 6 months of age. In HAD cases, age differences were not found for rotavirus and adenovirus. Seasonal variation of rotavirus was observed, with peaks in November and December and with through in July and August; however, no clear seasonal pattern was found for adenovirus.ConclusionDetection rates for rotavirus and adenovirus were significantly higher in children with HAD than those with CAD, but co-infection was very low. A high prevalence of rotavirus was identified in neonates with diarrhea. Vaccination for rotavirus gastroenteritis should be considered in neonates.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1829-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of children with acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Hepatology at John Paul II Hospital in Krakow

“…Our study showed that the largest group of patients comprise of children between 2 and 5 years of age and this finding is consistent with other study results (17,19,20). Also in line with other studies, the incidence of AGE in boys was slightly higher than in girls (21,22).…”

“…Nasze badanie potwierdza te obserwacje, gdyż w przedstawionej analizie dominowały dzieci poniżej 5 r.ż., a najliczniejszą grupę chorych stanowiły dzieci pomiędzy 2. a 5. r.ż. Również rozkład płci, w którym nieznacznie dominowali chłopcy, był zgodny z innymi doniesieniami (21,22).…”

Evaluation of a commercial latex agglutination test for detecting rotavirus A and human adenovirus in children's stool specimens

“…Moreover, the positive rates of AdV were 25.23% and 27.57% for latex agglutination test and RT‐qPCR, respectively. Both of the positive rates were relatively remarkable, while previous studies reported different prevalence rates . The results of the current research indicated that there was no significant difference ( P > .05) between the latex agglutination test and RT‐qPCR in the detection of RV and AdV.…”

Prevalence and diversity of rotavirus A genotypes cirulating in Turkey during a 2‐year sentinel surveillance period, 2014‐2016

“…Rotavirus gastroenteritis is highly contagious, and most children are infected with RVA before 5 years of age . The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in children varies among countries, from 6.5‐38% . While infections are observed throughout the year, cases predominate in the winter and spring in many countries …”

“…15 The prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in children varies among countries, from 6.5-38%. [16][17][18][19] While infections are observed throughout the year, cases predominate in the winter and spring in many countries. 17,[20][21][22][23] In Turkey, acute gastroenteritis is a serious public health problem, affecting over 352 000 children younger than 5 years old annually (http://tsim.saglik.gov.tr/tsim).…”