Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Viruses Infections — China, 2019–2023

Gao, Yixuan; ,; Ma, Yingwei; Feng, Daxing; Zhang, Feng; Wang, Biao; Liu, Xiaoqing; Zhu, Bing; Xie, Hui; Zhao, Linqing; Long, Xiaoru; Chen, Ying; Wang, Bing; Jiang, Jie; Zhu, Zhen; Zhang, Yan; Cui, Aili; Xia, Baicheng; Mao, Naiying; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,; ,

doi:10.46234/ccdcw2024.047

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Yet, an obvious resurgence was absent in the first quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarters of 2019 and 2022, suggesting a potential peak delayed to 2023. The effects of strict NPIs against COVID-19 may have contributed to alterations in the seasonal patterns of viral infections in other Chinese populations as well 37 , 38 . Typical seasonal patterns were also observed in the number of S. aureus isolates resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin in 2018, 2019, and 2021.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia

Ai,

Fang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the infection spectrum of various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections among pediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We retrospectively reviewed pediatric CAP admissions before (from 2018 to 2019) and during (from 2020 to 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of S. aureus isolates were examined to assess the pandemic’s effect. As a result, a total of 399 pediatric CAP patients with S. aureus infections were included. The positivity rate, gender, and age distribution of patients were similar across both periods. There was a marked reduction in respiratory co-infections with Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to 2019. Additionally, there were significant changes in the resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates to various antibiotics. Resistance to oxacillin and tetracycline increased, whereas resistance to penicillin, gentamicin, and quinolones decreased. Notably, resistance to erythromycin significantly decreased in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The number of S. aureus isolates, the proportion of viral co-infections, and the number of resistant strains typically peaked seasonally, primarily in the first or fourth quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2021. However, shifts in these patterns were noted in the first quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2022. These findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection dynamics of S. aureus among pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by changes in respiratory co-infections, AMR patterns, and seasonal trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia

Ai,

Fang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Epidemiological study of post-pandemic pediatric common respiratory pathogens using multiplex detection

Wu,

Zhou,

Shu

et al. 2024

Virol J

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Background The burden and characteristics of respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era are unclear. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with common respiratory virus infections before and after relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Hangzhou, China and evaluated the diagnostic value of the six-panel respiratory pathogen detection system. Methods Six types of respiratory viruses were detected in respiratory samples from children with suspected ARTIs by multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in virus detection rates and epidemiological and clinical characteristics, obtained from electronic health records, were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify respiratory tract infections risk factors. Multiplex RT-qPCR and targeted next-generation sequencing results were compared in random samples. Results Among the 11,056 pediatric samples, 3228 tested positive for one or more of six common respiratory pathogens. RSV and PIV-3 detection rates differed significantly across age groups (both P < 0.001), and were more common in younger children. PIV-1 was more common in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers than in school-age children ( P < 0.001). FluB was predominantly detected in school-age children ( P < 0.001). RSV-, ADV-, and PIV-1-positivity rates were higher in 2022 than in 2023. Seasonal viral patterns differed across years. RSV (OR 9.156. 95% CI 5.905–14.195) and PIV-3 (OR 1.683, 95% CI 1.133–2.501) were risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. RSV-positivity was associated with severe pneumonia ( P = 0.044). PIV-3 (OR 0.391, 95% CI 0.170–0.899), summer season (OR 1.982, 95% CI 1.117–3.519), and younger age (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.893–0.986) influenced pneumonia severity. Multiplex RT-qPCR showed good diagnostic performance. Conclusion After changes in COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, six common respiratory viruses in children were prevalent in 2022–2023, with different seasonal epidemic characteristics and age proclivities. RSV and PIV-3 cause lower, and FluA, FluB, and ADV more typically cause upper respiratory tract infections. Infancy and summer season influence severe pneumonia risk. Multiplex RT-qPCR is valuable for accurate and timely detection of respiratory viruses in children, which facilitates management, treatment, and prevention of ARTIs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-024-02441-8.

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Epidemiological Study of Post-Pandemic Pediatric Common Respiratory Pathogens using Multiplex Detection

Wu,

Zhou,

Shu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The burden and characteristics of respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era are unclear. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with common respiratory virus infections before and after relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Hangzhou, China and evaluated the diagnostic value of the six-panel respiratory pathogen detection system. Methods Six types of respiratory viruses were detected in respiratory samples from children with suspected ARTIs by multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Changes in virus detection rates and epidemiological and clinical characteristics, obtained from electronic health records, were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify respiratory tract infections risk factors. Multiplex RT-qPCR and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) results were compared in random samples. Results Among the 11,056 pediatric samples, 3,228 tested positive for one or more of six common respiratory pathogens. RSV and PIV-3 detection rates differed significantly across age groups (both P < 0.001), and were more common in younger children. PIV-1 was more common in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers than in school-age children (P < 0.001). FluB was predominantly detected in school-age children (P < 0.001). RSV-, ADV-, and PIV-1-positivity rates were higher in 2022 than in 2023. Seasonal viral patterns differed across years. RSV (OR 9.760, 95%CI: 6.280–15.169) and PIV-3 (OR 1.842, 95%CI: 1.235–2.748) were risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. RSV-positivity was associated with severe pneumonia (P = 0.044). PIV-3 (OR 0.386, 95%CI: 0.168–0.886), summer season (OR 2.036, 95CI: 1.548–2.689), and younger age (OR 0.953, 95%CI: 0.893–0.979) influenced pneumonia severity. Multiplex RT-qPCR showed good diagnostic performance. Conclusion After changes in COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, six common respiratory viruses in children were prevalent in 2022–2023, with different seasonal epidemic characteristics and age proclivities. RSV and PIV-3 cause lower, and fluA, fluB, and ADV more typically cause upper respiratory tract infections. Infancy and summer season influence severe pneumonia risk. Multiplex RT-qPCR is valuable for accurate and timely detection of respiratory viruses in children, which facilitates management, treatment, and prevention of ARTIs.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Viruses Infections — China, 2019–2023

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Staphylococcus aureus infections in pediatric patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia

Epidemiological study of post-pandemic pediatric common respiratory pathogens using multiplex detection

Epidemiological Study of Post-Pandemic Pediatric Common Respiratory Pathogens using Multiplex Detection

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