Epidemiological factors that influence time-to-treatment of trypanosomosis in Orma Boran cattle raised at Galana Ranch, Kenya

Bett, Bernard K.; Orenge, Caleb Oburu; Irungu, Patrick; Munga, L

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.12.011

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The parasitological examination revealed a prevalence rate of 33.9% for bovine trypanosomosis with T. congolense 56.06% and Trypanosoma vivax 43.94% being the pathogenic trypanosomes identified. This study is in agreement with the findings of other researchers in various parts of Africa (Leak, 1999;McDermott et al, 2003), but our finding differed with previous data collected in the same Division by Ohaga et al (2007) and also from Orma Boran cattle raised in Galana Ranch (Coastal Province in Kenya), over the past decade (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) indicated that there were significantly higher T. vivax infections in cattle as compared to T. congolense infections (Bett et al, 2004). Probably Localities where infections were due to T. vivax could be an indication of the presence of other potential haematophagus insect vectors other than tsetse flies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Parasitological Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Kubo Division of Kwale County of Coastal: Baseline Survey

Mbahin¹

2013

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Prior to field trials of large scale tsetse repellent technology validation in July 2011, a cross-sectional survey of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors was carried out to know the disease level in Kwale County of Coastal Kenya. A total of 584 adult cattle were examined at ten different Locations. The trypanosome prevalence in cattle with regard to age, sex, location and apparent tsetse density was investigated. The overall trypanosome prevalence in cattle in Kubo Division of Kwale County was 33.9%. Two types of infections were recorded in various parts of the Division in the following proportions: T. congolense 61.1%, T. vivax 38.9%. Findings from this study indicated that the Location dependent trypanosome prevalence can be stratified in three main levels: high (Mkongani 16.7%); very high in (Kizibe 25%, Zunguluka 25.5% and Mangawani 26.7%) and extremely high in (Katangini 32.2%, Mkanda 34.4%, Msulwa 42.4%, Mawia 46.4% and Kidongo 52.5%). The mean apparent density for G. pallidipes was 30 flies/trap/day while that of G. austeni 0.8 flies/trap/day and G. brevipalpis was 0.4 flies/trap/day. There was a positive and significant correlation (p<0.05, r = 0.82) between the trypanosome prevalence and tsetse apparent density. In view of the risk of trypanosomosis, the Division was selected for the large scale field trials of the new tsetse repellent technology validation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Parasitological Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Kubo Division of Kwale County of Coastal: Baseline Survey

Mbahin¹

2013

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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“…Since all trypanotolerance loci in the F1 are present in heterozygous state, this means that to a large extent, gene action at the trypanotolerance loci must have a strong additive component, in addition to any dominance or recessive effects. This conclusion differs from that based on QTL mapping in an F2 population [13], which reported primarily recessive gene action at their mapped trypanotolerance loci. Those conclusions [13] were based on rather complex QTL mapping analyses, while the F1 to BCB and BCB to KB results in the present study, although based on a smaller sample, are strong and direct.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion differs from that based on QTL mapping in an F2 population [13], which reported primarily recessive gene action at their mapped trypanotolerance loci. Those conclusions [13] were based on rather complex QTL mapping analyses, while the F1 to BCB and BCB to KB results in the present study, although based on a smaller sample, are strong and direct. Therefore, we believe that they should be taken as representing the actual reality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The finding of greater trypanotolerance of the female gender is in agreement with previous work reported [12,13], the latter in Galana ranch involving Orma Boran cattle where in both cases, it was shown that females required fewer treatments than their male counterparts. Also, male vs. female weight-gain difference across the challenge period was less than the difference between male and female when reared for a comparable period in the absence of trypanosomiasis challenge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition

et al. 2012

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BackgroundTrypanosomosis, a protozoal disease affecting livestock, transmitted by Glossina (tsetse) flies is a major constraint to agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is accepted that utilization of the native trypanotolerance exhibited in some of the African cattle breeds to improve trypanotolerance of more productive but susceptible breeds, will offer a cost effective and sustainable solution to the problem. The success of this approach is based on the premise that quantitative trait loci previously identified under relatively controlled situations confer useful trypanotolerance under natural field situations. As part of a study to authenticate this hypothesis, a population of 192 cattle, consisting of six batches of N’Dama and Kenya-Boran backcross animals [(N’Dama x Kenya-Boran) x Kenya-Boran] born over the period 2002 to 2006 was constructed. Some of the batches also included pure Kenya-Boran cattle, or N’Dama x Kenya- Boran F1 animals. Each batch was exposed as yearlings to natural field trypanosomosis challenge over a period of about one year; the entire challenge period extending from December 2003 to June 2007. Performance of the animals was evaluated by weekly or biweekly measurements of body weight, packed blood cell volume (PCV), parasitemia score, and number of trypanocide treatments. From these basic data, 49 phenotypes were constructed reflecting dynamics of body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and parasitemia under challenge.ResultsFemales were distinctly more trypanotolerant than males. F1, backcross and pure Kenya- Boran animals ranked in that order with respect to trypanotolerance. Overall batch effects were highly significant (p<0.001) for most traits, and were generally more significant than the gender or genetic type effects. The superior trypanotolerance of the F1 animals was expressed in all three components of animal defense strategies against pathogens: Avoidance resistance, and tolerance.ConclusionsThe results show that trypanotolerance derived from the N’Dama is expressed under field conditions; and that the trait is primarily additive in nature, being expressed in heterozygous condition and in a three-quarters Boran genetic background. The results further, underscore the complexity of the trait in the field manifesting all three host disease-control strategies, and show the importance of gender and local environmental conditions in determining response to challenge.

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“…All data analyzed in this paper are provided as supplementary le. [6,43,86,87,92,98,101,103,107,[113][114][115]44,122,142,144,145,152,[178][179][180][181][182]48,184,187,191,229,230,240,248,257,258,262,64,[264][265][266]69,70,[74][75][76] French Guiana [66,146,209,227,261,267,275,172,174,…”

Section: Availability Of Data and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fetene

Regassa

Büscher

2020

Preprint

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Background Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. T. vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has acquired the ability to be also transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. Methods The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely Pubmed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosome vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. Result The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232,6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%).Conclusion The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.

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Epidemiological factors that influence time-to-treatment of trypanosomosis in Orma Boran cattle raised at Galana Ranch, Kenya

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Parasitological Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Kubo Division of Kwale County of Coastal: Baseline Survey

Parasitological Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Kubo Division of Kwale County of Coastal: Baseline Survey

Trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition

Global Distribution, Host Range and Prevalence of Trypanosoma Vivax: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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