Epidemiological investigation and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 11 captive Rhesus macaque populations

Abstract

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular parasite and the most common pathogen of microsporidiosis in humans and animals. In this study, a total of 198 fecal samples were collected from 11 captive populations of Rhesus macaque in Chinese zoos, to investigate the prevalence and analyze the zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi by genotype of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene on the rRNA of E. bieneusi via nested PCR. Results showed that the average infection rate of E. bieneusi in the 11 populations was 13.6%, and the highest infection rate was 56.5% in the population of Xinjiang Tianshan Zoo. Seven genotypes were identified including 2 known genotypes (D and CM1) and 5 novel genotypes (Mul1, Mul2, Mul3, Mul4 and Mul5). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel genotypes Mul2, Mul3, Mul4 and Mul5 belonged to Group 1 showed the zoonotic potential．These findings extend the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes and provide baseline data for controlling E. bieneusi infection.

Occurrence and potentially zoonotic genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in Nanwan Monkey Island, Hainan, China: a public health concern

“…However, until 2011, there was a lack of studies on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in non-human primates at the genotype level [ 11 ]. Zhao et al, summarized 16 studies on the infection of E. bieneusi in NHPs from seven countries [ 9 , 13 ]. Among them, seven studies included rhesus macaques, and they were all from China, with a prevalence range from 4.2 to 31.1% [ 13 – 18 ].…”

“…Zhao et al, summarized 16 studies on the infection of E. bieneusi in NHPs from seven countries [ 9 , 13 ]. Among them, seven studies included rhesus macaques, and they were all from China, with a prevalence range from 4.2 to 31.1% [ 13 – 18 ]. For the first time, our study has detected E. bieneusi in wild rhesus macaques from the Hainan Province of China, with a prevalence of 15.0%.…”

Record of New Genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Wild Populations of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca Mulatta) in China

“…At present, the research of E. bieneusi in wild or captive non-human primates (NHPs) has been reported all over the world. In China, researches in Rhesus macaque found that the prevalence range of E. bieneusi is 4.8 to 56.5%, these studies mainly focus on captive populations [13,17,18]. In our study, we nd out the infection of E. bieneusi in 6 wild and 3 semi-domestic populations of Rhesus macaque from 5 provinces in China (i.e.…”

“…In previous research the infection of E. bieneusi in 11 captive Rhesus macaque populations showed the signi cant result of infection rate in different zoos. It could be mainly due to the different environment and level of management in the zoos [17]. In the semi-wild population living in the natural scenic spot, the difference of infection rate may also be affected by many factors (i.e.…”

Occurrence and Potentially Zoonotic Genotypes of Enterocytozoon Bieneusi in Wild Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Living in Nanwan Monkey Island, Hainan, China: A Public Health Concern

“…However, until 2011, there was a lack of studies on the occurrence of E. bieneusi in non-human primates at the genotype level [10]. Zhao et al, summarized 16 studies on the infection of E. bieneusi in NHPs from seven countries [8,12]. Among them, seven studies included M. mulatta, and they were all from China, with a prevalence range from 4.2 to 31.1% [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”