Epidemiological pattern of trauma patients based on the mechanisms of trauma: trends of a regional trauma center in Midwest of Iran

Abstract

Introduction Trauma is one of the important issues in public health because it is responsible for 90% of mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LIMCs). The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological pattern of trauma patients in a regional trauma center in the Midwest of Iran from 2014 to 2020. Methods This study was a retrospective study that was performed on 29,804 trauma patients admitted to Be′sat Hospital in Hamadan from January 2014 to December 2020. Data was collected using Health Information Management (HIM) Center of the Be′sat Hospital. For investigating the relationship of the characteristics of trauma patients and the mechanisms of trauma, Multiple Multinomial Logistic Regression (MMNLR) model was used. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Results The mean age of all patients was 35.4 (SD = 21.9) years. Most of them were men (71.7%). The most common mechanism of trauma was road traffic accidents (RTAs) (39.6%) followed by falls (30.2%), other (19.7%), violence (6.2%), and burn (4.4%). 1.5% of the trauma patients expired. The results of multiple multinomial logistic regression indicated that significant affected factor on odds referring because of RTAs compared to other mechanism were: season and hospital length of stay (LOS); in falls and violence: age, sex, season, and LOS; and in burn: age, sex, season, evening time, and LOS (p < 0.05). Conclusion Based on the investigation of 29,804 trauma patients, in Iran as a developing country, RTAs and falls were two common mechanisms of trauma. It seems that as a short-term plan, it is possible to focus on road safety, to improve the quality of vehicles, to hold training courses for drivers. Also, as a long-term goal, considering that the elderly population in Iran is increasing, it is necessary to pay attention to fall reduction programs.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on trauma-related emergency medical service in older people: a retrospective cohort study

“…The second leading cause of geriatric traumas both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was falls, which aligns with findings reported in previous surveys in Iran [ 3 , 27 , 29 ], South Korea, Pakistan [ 4 , 35 ], United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. Various studies have reported prevalence rates of falls in the older people, ranging from approximately 12–30% [ 26 ].…”

“…Accordingly, traffic accidents have been reported as the leading cause of trauma and the second cause of mortality in Iran [ 30 , 31 ]. The country has experienced a higher death rate related to traffic accidents compared to other nations, approximately 30 cases per 100,000 population, which has been increasing in recent years [ 27 , 32 ]. Considering the older population in Iran, there is a higher likelihood of involvement of pedestrians, passengers, and the older motorists in traffic accidents.…”

“…Some studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States have reported varying prevalence rates of falls in the aging population, approximately 30%, 20%, and 12%, respectively [ 26 ]. In addition, a study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey identified traffic accidents as the most common cause of trauma among the older people [ 27 ].…”

Time and Risk Factors of Trauma-Related Mortality: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis From a National Level I Trauma Center

“…Road traffic crashes and falls from heights were 2 frequent injury mechanisms in our study, and these findings agree with other studies from different geographic regions. 2,17,18 In our cohort, the incidence of mortality was highest among young adults (19-44 years; 64.8%), and 8% were aged ≤18 years, which is like an earlier study reporting a higher frequency of mortality (45%) in the age 20-54 years and the rate of deaths in the pediatric population (<19 years) was 16%. 19 Specifically, our analysis revealed that the occurrence of early and late in-hospital deaths was evident in the age group between 24 and 29 years old.…”

“…Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of hospitalization, temporary or permanent disability, and death among physically active young people worldwide. 1,2 Approximately 5 million individuals die yearly because of injuries caused by road traffic crashes, falls from height, drowning, burns, violence, and combat-related injuries. 3 A considerable number of critically injured individuals often die in the prehospital setting or during the first few hours after admission.…”