Epidemiological patterns of tick‐borne encephalitis in Lithuania and clinical features in adults in the light of the high incidence in recent years: a retrospective study

Radzišauskienė, Daiva; Z̆agminas, Kȩstutis; Asokliene, Loreta; Jasionis, Arminas; Mameniškienė, Rūta; Ambrozaitis, Arvydas; Jančorienė, Ligita; Jatužis, Dalius; Petraitytė, Iveta; Mockiene, Evelina

doi:10.1111/ene.13486

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We did not find the bimodal age peak of onset, which is first in early childhood, then in age group of 60-70 years, and is how it is usually reported, and the reason remains unclear, it might be because pediatricians are less likely to report than others [6,20,21]. Age distribution of the other, also endemic, tick-borne disease-tick-borne encephalitis is very similar to Lyme disease in Lithuania, and it occurs mostly in middle age (45-54 years) [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease in a Highly Endemic European Zone

et al. 2020

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Background and objective: Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis (LB), is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the spirochete bacteria Borrelia. The risk of infection depends on the geographical area, ecological factors, and human behavior. Clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis have a wide range, but the most frequent clinical symptom, which is also a diagnostic symptom, is a skin rash called erythema migrans (EM). The disease is very common worldwide. In Lithuania, the disease frequency is 99.9 cases per 100,000 population (Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS, Lithuania, 2017). The main aim of this study was to obtain the baseline characteristics of the disease regarding the infected Lithuanian population. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from the Centre for Communicable Diseases and AIDS about all Lyme disease (A69.2) diagnosed patients over a three-year period (from 2014 to 2016) in Lithuania. Results: In 2014–2016, 7424 (crude incidence rate 85.4) cases with LB were diagnosed in Lithuania. Most of them (4633 (62.4%)) were identified in women. Older people were more likely to suffer from LB. Urban residents were 2.6 times more often affected that those living in villages. Tick bites were primarily observed in high season months, from May to September (90%), with the highest peak in July. There was a higher number of observed tick bites (p = 0.003) in the urban residents. Erythema migrans occurred in 75.6% LB cases, while other symptoms did not exceed a quarter of all LB cases. There were 7353 (99.6%) cases where LB was confirmed via clinical symptoms and/or laboratory tests. Also, 1720 (23.2%) patients were tested for LB immunoglobulins. Conclusions: This study found a high incidence of Lyme disease in Lithuania. We elucidated the baseline characteristics regarding the infected Lithuanian population which may ease medical clinicians’ work on new Lyme diagnoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease in a Highly Endemic European Zone

et al. 2020

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“…In Lithuania, which had the highest average annual notification rate, there was an eightfold difference between counties with highest and counties lowest TBE incidence. An analysis of epidemiological patterns of TBE in Lithuania suggested different trends across counties with more pronounced increases in eastern and northern parts of the country [ 22 ]. Similarly, diverging trends across regions were reported in Austria [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe, 2012 to 2016

et al. 2018

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Since 2012, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a notifiable in the European Union. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control annually collects data from 28 countries plus Iceland and Norway, based on the EU case definition. Between 2012 and 2016, 23 countries reported 12,500 TBE cases (Ireland and Spain reported none), of which 11,623 (93.0%) were confirmed cases and 878 (7.0%) probable cases. Two countries (Czech Republic and Lithuania) accounted for 38.6% of all reported cases, although their combined population represented only 2.7% of the population under surveillance. The annual notification rate fluctuated between 0.41 cases per 100,000 population in 2015 and 0.65 in 2013 with no significant trend over the period. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia had the highest notification rates with 15.6, 9.5 and 8.7 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. At the subnational level, six regions had mean annual notification rates above 15 cases per 100,000 population, of which five were in the Baltic countries. Approximately 95% of cases were hospitalised and the overall case fatality ratio was 0.5%. Of the 11,663 cases reported with information on importation status, 156 (1.3%) were reported as imported. Less than 2% of cases had received two or more doses of TBE vaccine.

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“…Delayed immune response of specific IgG and age above 61 are significant prognostic factors for the severe course of the disease [11]. A positive correlation between age and severity of TBE may be due to thymus involution and impaired immunity in elderly people [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exome-wide search and functional annotation of genes associated in patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis in a Russian population

et al. 2019

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Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection is responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild fever to severe neurological illness. Genetic factors involved in the host response to TBEV that may potentially play a role in the severity of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, using whole-exome sequencing, we aimed to identify genetic variants and genes associated with severe forms of TBE as well as biological pathways through which the identified variants may influence the severity of the disease. Results Whole-exome sequencing data analysis was performed on 22 Russian patients with severe forms of TBE and 17 Russian individuals from the control group. We identified 2407 candidate genes harboring rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of patients with TBE and not containing any rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of individuals from the control group. According to DAVID tool, this set of 2407 genes was enriched with genes involved in extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway and genes encoding proteins located at the cell periphery. A total of 154 genes/proteins from these functional groups have been shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the known candidate genes/proteins extracted from TBEVHostDB database. By ranking these genes according to the number of rare harmful minor alleles, we identified two genes ( MSR1 and LMO7), harboring five minor alleles, and three genes ( FLNA, PALLD, PKD1 ) harboring four minor alleles. When considering genes harboring genetic variants associated with severe forms of TBE at the suggestive P -value < 0.01, 46 genes containing harmful variants were identified. Out of these 46 genes, eight ( MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34) were additionally found among genes containing rare pathogenic variants identified in patients with TBE; and five genes ( WDFY4 , ALK, MAP4, BNIPL, EPPK1 ) were found to encode proteins that are involved in PPIs with proteins encoded by genes from TBEVHostDB. Three genes out of five ( MAP4, EPPK1, ALK ) were found to encode proteins located at cell periphery. Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing followed by systems biology approach enabled to identify eight candidate genes ( MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34 ) that can potentially determine predisposition to severe forms of TBE. Analyses of the genetic risk factors for severe forms of TBE revealed a significant enrichment with genes controlling extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway as well...

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Epidemiological patterns of tick‐borne encephalitis in Lithuania and clinical features in adults in the light of the high incidence in recent years: a retrospective study

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease in a Highly Endemic European Zone

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease in a Highly Endemic European Zone

Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe, 2012 to 2016

Exome-wide search and functional annotation of genes associated in patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis in a Russian population

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