Epidemiological Profile of Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Leal, Ana Lusia; Faganello, Josiane; Fuentefría, Alexandre Meneghello; Boldo, Juliano Tomazzoni; Bassanesi, Maria Cristina; Vainstein, Marilene Henning

doi:10.1007/s11046-008-9123-2

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Overall, cryptococcosis, as well as the endemic mycoses (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis), occurs more often among adult males; however, the prevalence of latent infections is comparable in both sexes (14,33,51). Surveys of delayed-type hypersensitivity and other immunological evidence have demonstrated that for endemic mycoses, the gender disparity is not due to sex-related differences in exposure or infection rates (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Pediatric Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from South Africa

et al. 2011

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Compared to the incidence in adults, cryptococcosis is inexplicably rare among children, even in subSaharan Africa, which has the highest prevalence of coinfection with HIV and Cryptococcus neoformans. To explore any mycological basis for this age-related difference in the incidence of cryptococcosis, we investigated isolates of C. neoformans recovered from pediatric and adult patients during a 2-year period in South Africa. From reports to the Group for Enteric, Respiratory, and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA), we reviewed all cases of cryptococcosis in 2005 and 2006. We analyzed one isolate of C. neoformans from each of 82 pediatric patients (<15 years of age) and determined the multilocus sequence type (ST), mating type, ploidy, and allelic profile. This sample included isolates of all three molecular types of serotype A or C. neoformans var. grubii (molecular types VNI, VNII, and VNB) and one AD hybrid. Seventyseven (94%) of the strains possessed the MAT␣ mating type allele, and five were MATa. Seventy-five (91%) were haploid, and seven were diploid. A total of 24 different STs were identified. The ratios of each mating type and the proportion of haploids were comparable to those for the isolates that were obtained from 86 adult patients during the same period. Notably, the most prevalent pediatric ST was significantly associated with male patients. Overall, these pediatric isolates exhibited high genotypic diversity. They included a relatively large percentage of diploids and the rarely reported MATa mating type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Pediatric Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from South Africa

et al. 2011

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“…grubii, la variedad neoformans ha sido más frecuente en ciertas ubicaciones geográficas, como India, Francia, Italia y Dinamarca y está asociada con infecciones en las personas más viejas como ancianos, la presencia de lesiones en la piel y el uso de corticosteroides 14 . El serotipo A parece ocurrir más en pacientes con VIH y en edades comprendidas entre 20 y 40 años 15 , lo que corrobora con nuestro estudio donde los pacientes tenían 24 años y 39 años.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Diagnóstico de Cryptococcus neoformans mediante la PCR- RFLP en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en pacientes hospitalizados en el sur de Brasil

et al. 2018

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“…Cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, is an important infectious disease with a worldwide presence (1,9,10). Cryptococci are encapsulated saprophytic yeasts often found in soil contaminated with avian excreta (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcal meningitis initially presenting with eye symptoms in an immunocompetent patient: A case report

Wang

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Although cryptococcal meningitis (CM) typically occurs in immunocompromised hosts, immunocompetent humans are susceptible to CM. In humans with an intact immune system, CM presents with signs and symptoms typical of meningitis, including fever, headache and neck stiffness. The present study reported the case of a female immunocompetent patient who presented visual blurring in both eyes and bilateral papilledema for ~1 month. Following hospital admission, the patient was diagnosed with optic nerve inflammation and was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and oral prednisone. However, the initial symptoms failed to improve and the patient developed a headache. The microscopic examination and India ink test performed using the cerebrospinal fluid of the patient showed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Following combined treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole, the patient made a full recovery with total resolution of the initial symptoms. This case demonstrates that CM in immunocompetent patients may initially include eye symptoms, which may result in a delayed diagnosis of CM.

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Epidemiological Profile of Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Analyses of Pediatric Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from South Africa

Analyses of Pediatric Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from South Africa

Diagnóstico de Cryptococcus neoformans mediante la PCR- RFLP en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en pacientes hospitalizados en el sur de Brasil

Cryptococcal meningitis initially presenting with eye symptoms in an immunocompetent patient: A case report

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