Epidemiological profile of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections identified by medical and molecular evaluations in Rondonia, Brazil

Abstract

Several arboviruses have emerged and/or re-emerged in North, Central and South-American countries. Viruses from some regions of Africa and Asia, such as the Zika and Chikungunya virus have been introduced in new continents causing major public health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of RNA from Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in symptomatic patients from Rondonia, where the epidemiological profile is still little known, by one-step real-time RT-PCR. The main clinical signs and symtoms were fever (51.2%), headache (78%), chills (6.1%), pruritus (12.2%), exanthema (20.1%), arthralgia (35.3%), myalgia (26.8%) and retro-orbital pain (19.5%). Serum from 164 symptomatic patients were collected and tested for RNA of Zika, Dengue types 1 to 4 and Chikungunya viruses, in addition to antibodies against Dengue NS1 antigen. Direct microscopy for Malaria was also performed. Only ZIKV RNA was detected in 4.3% of the patients, and in the remaining 95.7% of the patients RNA for Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses were not detected. This finding is intriguing as the region has been endemic for Dengue for a long time and more recently for Chikungunya virus as well. The results indicated that medical and molecular parameters obtained were suitable to describe the first report of symptomatic Zika infections in this region. Furthermore, the low rate of detection, compared to clinical signs and symptoms as the solely diagnosis criteria, suggests that molecular assays for detection of viruses or other pathogens that cause similar symptoms should be used and the corresponding diseases could be included in the compulsory notification list.

Dynamics of Transmission of Urban Arbovirus Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil

“…Also, climate and temperature affect the incubation period and the proportion of mosquitoes capable of transmitting arboviruses. These factors can generate changes in biodiversity that facilitate the permanence of the vector and its reproduction (Bhatt et al 2013, Helmersson et al 2014, Chediak et al 2016, Alto et al 2017, Zanotto & Leite 2018, Vieira et al 2019.…”

Evidence of Co-Circulation of Multiples Arbovirus Transmitted by Aedes Sp. Based on Laboratorial Syndromic Surveillance At Health Unit in Slum Area of Federal District, Brazil

“…The two serotypes of dengue virus were identi ed temporally distantly, but [20].Nevertheless, the numbers for the other two arbovirus were higher in these studies: such differences occur, in addition of each methodology and respective limitations and sampled population, due to the period and city that the study was performed, mainly whether near or during outbreaks and epidemics of respective arbovirus, such as Silva et al 2019 [14] and the 2015-2016 Zika virus epidemic in Salvador.…”

“…In Brazil, LSS research for arbovirus transmitted by Aedes sp. have already been developed in large cities of the coast where the population is concentrated, such as the Northeast region [10,14] and Southeastern [17,18], but was not signi cantly replicated in the intra-continental region [19,20]. The study area has already been subject of epidemiological study based on cross-sectional interviews, reporting 28.6% of arbovirus symptoms in the sampled population [21], however without laboratory con rmation.…”

Estudo epidemiológico de avaliação do aumento da incidência de arboviroses em consequência ao rompimento de barragens em Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…Além disso, com os aumentos de temperatura há um aumento de área de transmissibilidade dos arbovírus, as zonas temperadas ficam mais quentes que o normal fazendo com que esses mosquitos passem a conseguir manter um ciclo nestas áreas (Lima, 2016). Por conta desses fatores que são rotineiramente visíveis, as arboviroses se tornam um problema de saúde pública, pois possuem grande taxa de dispersão, capacidade de adaptação a novos hospedeiros e ambientes (Vieira, 2019).…”