Epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities

Srámová, H; Daniel, Mauro Miguel; Absolonová, V.; Dědičová, Daniela; Jedlicková, Z; Lhotová, H; Petřáš, Petr; Subertová, V

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(92)90006-8

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is not surprising, given the ubiquitous nature of the organism. Various species can be found in the feces of humans and animals and in water, plants and plant materials, insects, and dairy products (38,57,61,77,94,107,136,137,140,151,169,200,205). Single-source outbreaks have been traced to contaminated intravenous solutions, blood products, distilled water, endoscopes, hands of personnel, hydrotherapy water, stethoscopes, cotton swabs, cryopreserved pancreatic islet infusions, lipoidal solutions, and devices used for monitoring intraarterial pressure (17, 29, 38, 77, 94, 148, 149, 155, 157, 207-210, 228, 229).…”

Section: General Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century.

Sanders¹,

Sanders²

1997

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

112

157

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Section: General Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century.

Sanders¹,

Sanders²

1997

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

112

157

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“…Likewise, other studies conducted in different countries have demonstrated that dipteran insects can be found inside hospitals [1][2][3][4] . Smarova et al 7 found several other synanthropic arthropods inside several wards of a hospital but the most frequent were cockroaches and dipterans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

Kappel

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Insects have been described as mechanical vectors of nosocomial infections. Methods: Non-biting flying insects were collected inside a pediatric ward and neonatal-intensive care unit (ICU) of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Results: Most (86.4%) of them were found to carry one or more species of bacteria on their external surfaces. The bacteria isolated were Gram-positive bacilli (68.2%) or cocci (40.9%), and Gram-negative bacilli (18.2%). Conclusions: Insects collected inside a hospital were carrying pathogenic bacteria; therefore, one must consider the possibility they may act as mechanical vectors of infections, in especially for debilitated or immune-compromised patients in the hospital environments where the insects were collected.Keywords: Microorganisms. Insecta. Public Health.Some non-biting flying insects, particularly the common housefly (Musca domestica), have sporadically been described as possible mechanical vectors of agents of nosocomial infections because they may carry human pathogens and also due to their ubiquity including in the hospital environments 1-4 .In Brazil, there are some reports showing that ants and cockroaches harbor pathogens in hospitals 5,6 , but there is no report on non-biting flying insects. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on the external surface of flying insects collected inside a Brazilian health care institution.Flying insects were randomly collected in eight rooms of a pediatric ward and a neonatal intensive care unit (neonatal-ICU) of a Brazilian tertiary-care teaching hospital that has 290 beds. The insects were caught during their flight during different nights. Each insect collected was placed alive on to a 5% sheep blood agar plate, allowing contact of its external surface with the culture medium. After removing the insect using sterile forceps, the plate was incubated at 37 o C under aerobic conditions and was examined daily for bacterial growth. The insect samples were preserved in alcohol and subjected to entomological examination.The morphology of isolated bacteria was observed using Gram staining. The Gram-positive cocci (GPC) or Grampositive bacilli (GPB) were separately cultured on sheep blood agar and the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) on MacConkey agar for further identification in species by using standard bacteriological procedures.A total of 22 flying insects were collected: 5 (22.7%) were caught inside the neonatal-ICU and 17 (77.3%) in different rooms of the pediatric ward. They belonged to Diptera Linné,

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“…Five observational studies (four in hospitals) investigated arthropod-borne transmission of microorganisms [29][30][31][32] and in chicken broiler farms [33]. The hospitalbased studies were performed in Brazil, Taiwan, India, and Czechoslovakia and examined the presence of healthcare-acquired organisms on the surfaces of arthropods.…”

Section: Arthropod-borne Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for floor surfaces or environmental ground contamination to cause human infection: a systematic review

et al. 2016

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Shoe soles have been shown to transfer infectious microorganisms to floor and ground surfaces. However, the possible modes of transmission of infectious agents from floors or ground surfaces to human contact for infection have not been systematically reviewed. A systematic review was performed on articles indexed in medical databases (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed) using a pre-defined search strategy and MeSH terms (date of last search: 15 March 2016). Only primary research studies in English that investigated the transmission dynamics of infectious microorganisms from floor or ground surfaces to human infection were included. Extraction of articles was performed two independent reviewers using pre-defined data fields in an Excel sheet. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Almost all hospital-associated microorganisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species were identified on floor or ground surfaces. Several modes of transmission dynamics, most commonly direct contact or aerosolization, were identified. In conclusion, interventions such as efficient cleaning of floor surfaces and vectors that transfer infectious organisms to floors such as shoe soles could be an effective infection control strategy to prevent human disease.

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Epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities

Cited by 44 publications

References 7 publications

Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century.

Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century.

Non-biting flying insects as carriers of pathogenic bacteria in a Brazilian hospital

Mechanisms for floor surfaces or environmental ground contamination to cause human infection: a systematic review

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