Epidemiological studies of work with video display terminals and adverse pregnancy outcomes (1984–1992)

Delpizzo, Vincent

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700260404

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, in studies to date, possible confounding factors such as stress and other work-related factors have largely gone unaddressed (192,208). These problems notwithstanding, magnetic field exposure of VDT operators has largely been estimated by assessing time spent working at the terminal (208), and more than a dozen studies have addressed the question of the possible harm to pregnant women from VDT use (192,194,207,208,211,212), with no consistent evidence of an effect. Of these a minority of studies have measured magnetic fields emitted by VDTs directly, such as two large studies conducted in the United States and Finland, respectively (206,210).…”

Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Ahlbom

Cardis

Green

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

133

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Exposures to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) emanating from the generation, transmission, and use of electricity are a ubiquitous part of modern life. Concern about potential adverse health effects was initially brought to prominence by an epidemiologic report two decades ago from Denver on childhood cancer. We reviewed the now voluminous epidemiologic literature on EMF and risks of chronic disease and conclude the following: a) The quality of epidemiologic studies on this topic has improved over time and several of the recent studies on childhood leukemia and on cancer associated with occupational exposure are close to the limit of what can realistically be achieved in terms of size of study and methodological rigor. b) Exposure assessment is a particular difficulty of EMF epidemiology, in several respects: i) The exposure is imperceptible, ubiquitous, has multiple sources, and can vary greatly over time and short distances. ii) The exposure period of relevance is before the date at which measurements can realistically be obtained and of unknown duration and induction period. iii) The appropriate exposure metric is not known and there are no biological data from which to impute it. c) In the absence of experimental evidence and given the methodological uncertainties in the epidemiologic literature, there is no chronic disease for which an etiological relation to EMF can be regarded as established. d) There has been a large body of high quality data for childhood cancer, and also for adult leukemia and brain tumor in relation to occupational exposure. Among all the outcomes evaluated in epidemiologic studies of EMF, childhood leukemia in relation to postnatal exposures above 0.4 microT is the one for which there is most evidence of an association. The relative risk has been estimated at 2.0 (95% confidence limit: 1.27-3.13) in a large pooled analysis. This is unlikely to be due to chance but, may be, in part, due to bias. This is difficult to interpret in the absence of a known mechanism or reproducible experimental support. In the large pooled analysis only 0.8% of all children were exposed above 0.4 microT. Further studies need to be designed to test specific hypotheses such as aspects of selection bias or exposure. On the basis of epidemiologic findings, evidence shows an association of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with occupational EMF exposure although confounding is a potential explanation. Breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and suicide and depression remain unresolved.

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Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Ahlbom

Cardis

Green

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

133

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“…Studies of reproductive outcomes in relation to maternal occupational exposure to magnetic fields have mostly investigated pregnant women working with VDTs. Magnetic fields experienced by operators of most VDTs (and certainly modern VDTs are not materially higher than those experienced in the general environment (207)(208)(209)(210), however. Thus the hypothesis that increased risk of reproductive outcomes is related to increased EMF exposure logically cannot be tested in studies where VDTs are the sources of EMF exposure.…”

Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health

Ahlbom¹,

Cardis²,

Green³

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Previous reviews should be consulted for a more detailed discussion of these issues [see Kavet and Banks, 1986;Marcus, 1990;Juutilainen, 1991;Chernoff et al, 1992;Hatch, 1992;Shaw and Croen, 1993;Delpizzo, 1994;Knave, 1994;Lindbohm and Hietanen, 1995;NIEHS, 1998]. In the current report, I wish to brie¯y discuss three methodologic areas that seem the most relevant for this area of research.…”

Section: Methodologic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades, the scienti®c information pertaining to this potential concern has stimulated numerous epidemiologic investigations. Many literature reviews concerning various aspects of these investigations have also appeared in the scienti®c literature [Kavet and Banks, 1986;Meyer et al, 1989;Marcus, 1990;Juutilainen, 1991;Chernoff et al, 1992;Hatch, 1992;Brent et al, 1993;Parazzini et al, 1993;Shaw and Croen, 1993;Delpizzo, 1994;Knave, 1994;Lindbohm and Hietanen, 1995;Robert, 1996;NIEHS, 1998;Huuskonen et al, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse human reproductive outcomes and electromagnetic fields: A brief summary of the epidemiologic literature

Shaw¹

2001

Bioelectromagnetics

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Power frequency ®elds are of concern as risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes. This report brie¯y summarizes the epidemiologic evidence of potential associations between a number of adverse reproductive outcomes and parental exposures to electric and magnetic ®elds (EMFs). Over the last decade numerous reviews of the human literature regarding these potential associations have been published. These reviews, in general, have concluded that: (1) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a video display terminal (VDT) and fetal loss, (2) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a VDT and adverse reproductive outcomes other than fetal loss, primarily a result of too few available data, and (3) the paucity of data on other parental EMF exposures and subsequent adverse outcomes of pregnancy limits drawing a valid scienti®c conclusion. Since those earlier reviews appeared, the number of new investigations have been relatively small. These new studies do not substantially alter the above summary conclusions. The lack of epidemiologic data in this area, coupled with some speculations about potential biological effects associated with EMFs, raises the importance of researching this area further.

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Epidemiological studies of work with video display terminals and adverse pregnancy outcomes (1984–1992)

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health.

Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health

Adverse human reproductive outcomes and electromagnetic fields: A brief summary of the epidemiologic literature

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