Epidemiological studies on caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in Jordan

Al-Qudah, Khaled M.; Al-Majali, Ahmad M.; Ismail, Zuhair Bani

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.09.020

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pesquisas anteriores mostraram que a infecção por SRLV ocorre com maior frequência em caprinos com mais de um ano de idade e a prevalência aumenta a partir de três anos em decorrência de transmissão horizontal (Rowe et al 1992, Blacklaws et al 2004, Al-Qudah et al 2006, Kaba et al 2011.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Lentivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido paraibano: prevalência de anticorpos, fatores de risco e detecção molecular

et al. 2013

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The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of infection by ruminants Lentivirus in dairy goats in the semiarid of the Paraiba State, Northeastern Brazil, to identify risk factors associated with the herd-level prevalence and to perform molecular detection of the agent. A total of 1,047 dairy goats from 110 herds were randomly selected from the county of Monteiro, Paraiba State, and serum samples were collected from March 2009 to December 2011. For the diagnosis of Lentivirus infection, the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was used. One year after that a new serology was performed and the real-time PCR assay was applied in blood and milk samples from 48 goats from four herds with seropositive animals. Prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals at AGID were 44.6% (95% CI=35.1-54.3%) and 8.1% (95% CI =5.6-16.8%), respectively. Umbilical cord cutting and disinfection (odds ratio = 2.44; p = 0.048) and conditions of animal agglomeration (odds ratio=3.45; p=0.048) were associated with herd-level prevalence. One year after the serological profile, the permanence of infected animals detected by real-time PCR in blood and milk samples was verified. Real-time PCR using white blood cells had a good performance, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.86%, concordance of 93.75% and Kappa index of 0.765. It was suggested to teach sanitary measures to the herd owners in order to encourage them to adopt prevention measures aiming to reduce the spread of the infection in the herds.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Lentivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido paraibano: prevalência de anticorpos, fatores de risco e detecção molecular

et al. 2013

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“…Another study from Brazil showed that the total prevalence of CAEV in goats is 8.2% which was lower than our study. In total, the prevalence of CAEV around the world has passed over a wide range of variation which may be as low as 3.6% in Mexico and 15.7% in Iran (our study) until 82% in Australia [10]. Studies indicated that contact with goats from other herds, purchased animals into herd, presence of sheep in the farms and finally herd size are the main risk factors for epidemiology and prevalence of CAEV [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Ingestion of virus-infected colostrums or goat milk [7] is the main way of disease transmission and other routes such as direct contact, bodily secretions, and excretions [8,9] are less abundant. Prevalence of CAE around the world has passed over a wide range of variation among different countries, which may be as low as 1.9% in Turkey and 3.6% in Mexico, or even up to as high as 73% in USA and 82% in Australia [10]. Recent study from Iran showed that the 10.87 % of goats were serologically infected for CAEV [11] but unfortunately there is no previous data about the prevalence of this disease by molecular methods in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran

Emami¹

2014

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus that naturally infects goats and induces chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease. Infection of goats has a worldwide distribution but it has not been previously recognized by molecular method in Iran. For this reason, 95 blood samples were taken from 4 months to 3 years goats to determine naturally infected animals with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The PCR primers were designed to amplify a 433 base pair region of the proviral gag gene. Results showed that 15.7 percent of sampled goats (15 cases) were positive for CAEV. The present study was confirmed the presence of CAEV genome in goats flock of Iran for the first time. samples were taken from jugular vein and mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 10 ml EDTA-blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. They were then destroyed in buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5; 12.5mM EDTA-Na 2 ; 150 mM NaCl; 0.5% SDS) containing Proteinase K (Sigma) (50 µg per 10 7 PBMC) at 55° for 2 h. Genomic DNA was subsequently extracted twice with phenol-chloroform-isoamylic acid alcohol (25:24:1, v/v/v, Sigma). It was then again extracted twice with chloroform-isoamylic acid alcohol (24:1, v/v, Sigma). Following treatment with 96% ethanol (Sigma) and centrifugation, the precipitate was re-suspended in distilled water (40 µl) and stored at 4°C till the day of the PCR test [15]. The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran Gag gene-PCRPrimers used to amplify the group associated antigen (gag) gene were those described by Clavijo and Thorsen [16], their sequence as follows:Forward: 5' AGGAGGAGGATTAACAGTGG-3' Reverse: 5' TCCTGGCCTTAATGCTTGTG-3' PCR amplificationThe PCR reaction was carried out in primus 96 thermal cycler. DNA fragment were amplified in 25 µL reaction mixtures containing approximately 3 µL of genomic DNA, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM each Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates (dNTPs), 400 Nm of each primer and 2.5U Taq DNA polymerase and 5% DMSO. The PCR amplification was achieved by 35 cycles each including a denaturation step at 94°C for 1 min, annealing step at 50°C for 30 sec and extension step at 72°C for 1 min. PCR amplified DNA fragments were analyzed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide and visualized on a UV trans illuminator [15].

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“…Também são concordantes com os achados de Dawson (1989), que encontrou maior percentual de soropositividade para LVPR em caprinos com mais de cinco anos, e os de Al-qudah (2006), que relatou a existência de maior percentual de caprinos positivos dentre aqueles com mais de três anos de idade. Isso tende a ser explicado pela evolução lenta da enfermidade, o que proporciona maior probabilidade de exposição dos animais mais velhos ao vírus (McGuire, 1987).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Ferramentas diagnósticas de Lentivirose de Pequenos Ruminantes: padronização da técnica de ELISA indireto

Nascimento

Pinheiro²,

Alves³

et al. 2014

Arq. Inst. Biol.

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As Lentiviroses de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR) incluem a Maedi-Visna (MV) em ovinos e a Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAE). Essas enfermidades estão difundidas no mundo e são responsáveis por grandes perdas na produtividade destes animais. Os LVPR são vírus RNA da subfamília Lentivirinae que causam uma infecção persistente, sendo a detecção precoce uma das formas mais eficientes para limitar sua disseminação no rebanho. Visando contribuir com essas questões, este experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) em parceria com a Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, com o objetivo de padronizar a técnica de ensaio imunoenzimático indireto e compará-lo com a imunodifusão em gel de agarose no diagnóstico da CAE. Foram utilizadas 696 amostras de soros de caprinos machos e fêmeas oriundas do banco de soros da Unidade de Pesquisa de LVPR do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFPI. As amostras foram coletadas no período de janeiro de 2007 a março de 2010. Na padronização, verificou-se que 0,25 µg de proteína/poço, diluição de 1:200 do soro e concentração de 1:3.000 do conjugado anticorpo anti-IgG cabra apresentaram os melhores resultados. O ponto de corte obtido foi de 0,36. Na comparação, o Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) detectou 128 (18,4%) amostras positivas, e o ELISA indireto (ELISA-i), 259 (37,2%). A sensibilidade e a especificidade do teste ELISA-i com relação ao IDGA foi de 94,5% e 75,7%, respectivamente. Verificou-se maior índice de positividade em caprinos acima de seis meses (p < 0,05), e nos machos obteve-se prevalência de 56,7% em comparação às fêmeas, 35,4%, (p < 0,01).

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Epidemiological studies on caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection in Jordan

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Lentivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido paraibano: prevalência de anticorpos, fatores de risco e detecção molecular

Lentivírus em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido paraibano: prevalência de anticorpos, fatores de risco e detecção molecular

The First Molecular Detection of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (Caev) in Iran

Ferramentas diagnósticas de Lentivirose de Pequenos Ruminantes: padronização da técnica de ELISA indireto

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