Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study

Abstract

Background Relevant studies focusing on epidemiological of profiles hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from global data that report the cause-specific prevalence and trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019 by age and sociodemographic index are still limited. Methods For hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability numbers and age standardized rates per 100,000 population were compared at regional and national levels by age and sociodemographic index using data from the global Burden of Disease 2019 Study, covering populations from 204 countries and territories. Estimates are reported with uncertainty intervals to exhibit the changing trends during a specific period. Results The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 16.30 million to 18.08 million globally, with a total increase of 10.92 % from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate decreased, with an estimated annual percent change of -0.68 (95 % confidence interval [CI] -0.49 to -0.86). The number of deaths due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was approximately 27.83 thousand in 2019, representing a 30.05 % decrease from 1990. Based on the incidence and prevalence, the number of deaths and years lived with disability were highest in the group aged 25–29 years, followed by the groups aged 30–34 and 20–24 years, while the lowest estimated incidence rate was observed in the group aged 25–29 years and higher incidence rates were observed in the youngest and oldest groups. Positive associations between incidence rates and the sociodemographic index and human development index were found for all countries and regions in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in countries/regions with lower sociodemographic indices and human development indices. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The death and incidence rates are decreasing in most countries and all regions except for those with low sociodemographic and human development indexes. This difference is mainly due to the increasing attention to prenatal examinations and health education. Further investigations should focus on forecasting the global disease burden of specific hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and modifiable risk factors.

Which antihypertensive treatment is better for mild to moderate hypertension in pregnancy?

“…This includes chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia (fig 1). Age standardised incidence rates are highest in sub-Saharan African countries 2…”

Different Doses of Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Gestational Hypertension and Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

“…Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the three leading causes of global maternal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of HDP increased from 16.30 to 18.08 million globally, with a total increase of 10.92% from 1990 to 2019 ( 1 ). HDP includes gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension complicated with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia ( 2 ).…”

Exosome-Enriched Plasma Analysis as a Tool for the Early Detection of Hypertensive Gestations

“…Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affected more than 18 million pregnancies worldwide in 2019 ( Wang et al, 2021 ). This condition is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and a critical threat to maternal and infant health ( Garovic et al, 2020 ).…”

“…HDP risk assessment and prevention has helped to reduce maternal mortality in Europe and North America, although rates are still very high ( Abalos et al, 2013 ). HDP is even more prevalent in Latin American countries, with Brazil and Mexico having the highest incidence rates ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Regarding incidence trends, an increase was observed mainly in Andean Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019, with Ecuador showing one of the greatest increasing trends ( Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…HDP is even more prevalent in Latin American countries, with Brazil and Mexico having the highest incidence rates ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Regarding incidence trends, an increase was observed mainly in Andean Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019, with Ecuador showing one of the greatest increasing trends ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Therefore, considering the relevance of HDP, non-invasive early diagnosis and prognosis management are essential, particularly in Latin American countries.…”