Epidemiological update on prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity in adults in the south-east of the Islamic Republic of Iran: findings from the Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS)

Abstract

Background: Obesity is common worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Aims: To update data on the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity, and to measure incidence rates for such outcomes in adults living in the south-east of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: We enrolled 9997 adults (aged 15–80 years) between 2014 and 2018 (phase 2); 2820 of whom had participated in phase 1 (2009–2011). Participants were examined for overweight, obesity, central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, low physical activity, and dyslipidaemia. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the potential predictors of overweight, obesity and central obesity, and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were obtained. Incidence rate of overweight, obesity and central obesity was reported among those who had none of these outcomes in phase 1. Results: The prevalence was 35.8% (37% men, 35% women) for overweight, 22.3% (16% men, 26.3% women) for obesity, and 31.1% (15.6% men, 41.2% women) for central obesity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was significantly associated with age (AOR = 2.8–7.4), higher education (AOR = 1.7), female gender (AOR = 1.4), low physical activity (AOR = 1.3), smoking (AOR = 0.55) and opium use (AOR = 0.79). The prevalence increased from 33.3% to 35.8% for overweight and from 15.4% to 22.3% for obesity between phases 1 and 2. The incidence rate per 100 person-years was 5.5 for overweight, 4.7 for obesity and 2.9 for central obesity. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity increased over 5 years. Middle-aged participants, women, and those with low physical activity were at higher risk for overweight/obesity.

Prevalence and trend of multiple coronary artery disease risk factors and their 5-year incidence rate among adult population of Kerman: results from KERCADR study

“…Consequently, the combined factors including these risk factors, have also exhibited a noticeable increase in the prevalence. This emphesizes an overall rise in health risks associated with sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary habits [ 25 , 34 ].…”

“…On the other hand, OB and overweight can cause CAD [ 23 ]. According to KERCADR study phase 1 and 2, the prevalence of OB is 22.3% in phase 2, which increased between the two phases of the study [ 24 , 25 ]. LPA can intensify the risk of atherosclerosis [ 26 ] and it has been estimated that its prevalence is 47.2 in Kerman population and more commonly in women [ 27 ].…”

Body image perception and physical activity behavior among adult population: Application of trans-theoretical model of behavior change

“…From 1990 to 2017, the percentage of IPA increased 2-fold in Iran and 1.5 times worldwide, leading to premature mortality worldwide (1.2 million deaths) and in Iran (18,000 deaths) [ 3 ]. The prevalence of IPA was high in the total population (54.7%) with a significant difference between the two genders (females: 61.9%; males: 45.3%) and age groups (lowest prevalence (51.6%) in the 18–24-year-old and the highest prevalence (56.1%) in the 35–44-year-old) [ 3 , 4 ]. Although more national programs have been conducted over the last two decades in Iran to improve clinical characteristics and health status, a large adult population suffers from comorbidities that are associated with IPA [ 5 – 7 ] such as higher BMI, hypertension, history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, breast and colon cancers, and cardiovascular disease [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study on PERSIAN cohort study in Fasa

“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 1 , and is projected to reach 18% in men and more than 21% in women by 2025 2 . The rate of obesity is estimated 18–23% in studies conducted in Iranian population 3 – 5 . Obesity is associated with pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and some kinds of cancer 6 , leading to 2.8 million annual deaths worldwide 1 .…”