Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: a cross-sectional study

Wu, Fan; Liu, Conghua; Ya-zhi, Zhang; Yang, Zhen; Li, Jianbo; Huang, Shaohong

doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01666-1

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Generalized gingivitis has a relatively low morbidity, with the majority of localized gingivitis. In a 2021 survey conducted in Guangdong Province, China, the prevalence rates of localized gingivitis and generalized gingivitis in 12-year-old children were 21.8% and 5.4%, respectively [ 17 ]. Both studies used the same diagnostic criteria for gingivitis that was used in this study; however, the gingival bleeding index used for the examination of gingival bleeding was not the same as the examination criteria (GI) used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years old

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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Background According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors, in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou, China. Methods A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2880 children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors in cooperation with the investigator and teacher. Gingival bleeding refers to the bleeding of 10% or more teeth under the condition of ingivitis. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30% ≥ number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding ≥ 10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding > 30%). The score of gingival bleeding was recorded using the Gingival Index. Results The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P > 0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, dental calculus, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis. Conclusions Our study showed that dental calculus, large amount dental plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some epidemiological reports have shown that gingivitis is more common in males than in females in the following two ways [ 8 , 17 , 19 ]. Firstly, females have better oral hygiene than that of males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years old

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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“…Until 2017 there is a slightly clearer definition of what gingival health is and therefore there are different clinical methods to evaluate it, which can complicate the comparison of some studies, in the case of Fan et al in China, they used the evaluation of the gingival bleeding instead of BOP in a population of 7680, where the prevalence of gingivitis was 29.6% (calculated as a proportion of gingival bleeding score ≥10% without or pocket depth ). We determined a BOP>10% as the threshold to calculate the prevalence of gingivitis, which was obtained in 270 participants, for a prevalence of 70% (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gingival bleeding is a parameter approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess gingival health in epidemiological studies with large samples (35), which is different from diagnosing a case of gingivitis in a specific patient (36). However, in both scenarios gingival health is defined as <10% bleeding sites (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Tooth Loss, Bleeding on Probing and Malocclusion as Oral Disease Indicators in Costa Rican Male Adolescents: a Cross Sectional Study

Barahona-Cubillo

Rojas-Brenes

Sánchez-Achío

et al. 2022

Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc

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The evidence to characterize oral health during adolescence in Costa Rica is limited. This lack of adequate research makes it difficult to develop appropriate health policies for this subgroup of the population. This is particularly important because adolescence is the period during which good health habits must take root in order to foster good physical and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion in Costa Rican male adolescents at the “Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín” (St. Augustine’s Technical High School) located in the province of Cartago. Data was collected from 428 male adolescents aged 12-22 years in a cross-sectional study during 2019. Prevalence of tooth loss was calculated as the number of individuals having lost at least one tooth. The average number of teeth lost by individuals was also recorded. The bleeding on probing was an indicator used as a proxy parameter for monitoring periodontal health where the presence of bleeding on probing and calculus was also recorded. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results showed that the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion was of 19%, 70.0% and 98%, respectively. It was also found that 81% of the participants had all their teeth, 11% had lost 1 tooth, 8% had lost more than one tooth of which 0.5% had lost more than 5 teeth. Considering a general classification of periodontal problems based on bleeding on probing and presence of calculus, the prevalence of periodontal problems increases to 92%. Regarding the DAI, the category identifying a very severe malocclusion was the most prevalent in the sample (88%). It is alarming the high prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing, and malocclusions in a sample of Costa Rican male adolescents, compared to similar studies in other countries. The overarching conclusion of this study is that oral diseases represent an important health problem that urgently need proper public health action.

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“…Moderate and severe dental plaque and tusk are risk factors for the development of gingivitis, which is consistent with ndings from national and international studies. 8, 22,23 Bacterial bio lm that forms a dental plaque is an important factor for triggering gingivitis, while calculus exists in the form of calci ed bio lm and bacterial deposits in mineralized material. 24 Plaque accumulates more rapidly around in amed gums than around gums without in ammation, and the plaque bio lm reacts immunologically with the host to produce an in ammatory in ltrate in the gingival tissue, leading to the development of gingivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Gingivitis and Related Risk Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6–12 Years Old

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Although epidemiological studies have consistently shown that gingivitis is a common disease, there is considerable variation between prevalence rates. This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors of each classification of gingivitis, in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou, China.Methods: A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2,880 children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors associated with gingivitis in collaboration with the investigator and teacher. Bleeding gums were recorded using the gingival index, and bleeding gum was defined as gingivitis when the number of bleeding teeth was greater than or equal to 10% of the number of teeth examined. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30%≥number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding≥10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding >30%).Results: The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P>0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, tusk, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis.Conclusions: Our study showed that tartar, heavy plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.

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Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years old

The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years old

Prevalence of Tooth Loss, Bleeding on Probing and Malocclusion as Oral Disease Indicators in Costa Rican Male Adolescents: a Cross Sectional Study

The Prevalence of Gingivitis and Related Risk Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6–12 Years Old

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