Epidemiology and burden of disease from Japanese encephalitis in Cambodia: results from two years of sentinel surveillance

Touch, Sok; Hills, Susan L.; Sokhal, Buth; Samnang, Chham; Ly, Sovann; Khieu, Virak; Soeung, Sann Chan; Toda, Kohei; Robinson, Jaimie; Grundy, John

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02380.x

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Using serological and molecular testing, JEV was the most common cause of AME in this study, with 20.3% of cases ‘confirmed’ or ‘highly probable’ for JEV infection; and a further 4.1% classified as ‘suspected’. These findings support previous studies conducted in Cambodia, 11, 18, 19 and indeed the region, 8, 17, 20, 21, 22 reporting JEV as the main cause of infectious paediatric encephalitis. These findings should provide impetus for initiatives to further roll out JEV vaccination in the region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in Cambodian children, 2010–2013

Horwood

Duong

Laurent

et al. 2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Acute meningoencephalitis (AME) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Clinical specimens were collected from children presenting with AME at two Cambodian paediatric hospitals to determine the major aetiologies associated with AME in the country. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were screened by molecular and cell culture methods for a range of pathogens previously associated with AME in the region. CSF and serum (acute and convalescent) were screened for antibodies to arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). From July 2010 through December 2013, 1160 children (one month to 15 years of age) presenting with AME to two major paediatric hospitals were enroled into the study. Pathogens associated with AME were identified using molecular diagnostics, cell culture and serology. According to a diagnostic algorithm, a confirmed or highly probable aetiologic agent was detected in 35.0% (n=406) of AME cases, with a further 9.2% (total: 44.2%, n=513) aetiologies defined as suspected. JEV (24.4%, n=283) was the most commonly identified pathogen followed by Orientia tsutsugamushi (4.7%, n=55), DENV (4.6%, n=53), enteroviruses (3.5%, n=41), CHIKV (2.0%, n=23) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.6%, n=19). The majority of aetiologies identified for paediatric AME in Cambodia were vaccine preventable and/or treatable with appropriate antimicrobials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in Cambodian children, 2010–2013

Horwood

Duong

Laurent

et al. 2017

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…• Incidence Group C1: Overall incidence is 3.3 per 100 000 (weighted average of results from Yin et al 20 and Xufang et al 13 ); the child to adult case frequency ratio is 3:1 (based on the ratio of 156 cases in 0-14-year-olds to 57 cases in persons aged > 14 years among combined residents and non-residents, as reported by Yin et al 20 25 Kari et al 26 and Hoke et al 27 ); the child to adult case frequency ratio is 7:1 (based on the ratio of 43 childhood cases to 6 adult cases detected from July 2001 through 2006 by Wong et al 32 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Each of these papers (or the English translation of five Chinese-language papers) was then carefully reviewed by at least two authors to further cull the list, resulting in a final group of 12 studies that provided original, recent population-based and largely laboratory-confirmed incidence data (or hospital-based incidence data in a defined population). 13,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] These 12 studies consisted of one study each from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, two from China (excluding Taiwan) two from Japan and three from Nepal. They represented all but three (B, E and I) of the 10 incidence groups (Table 1).…”

Section: Incidence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis:

Campbell¹,

Hills

Fischer

et al. 2011

Bull World Health Org

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“…Cambodia is a JE high-incidence country with a nascent vaccination programme that should develop into a national program in the coming years [4]. A sentinel surveillance study on Japanese encephalitis in six Cambodian hospitals estimated the clinically-declared JE incidence in 2007 in the country at 11.1 cases per 100 000 children under 15 years of age [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sentinel surveillance study on Japanese encephalitis in six Cambodian hospitals estimated the clinically-declared JE incidence in 2007 in the country at 11.1 cases per 100 000 children under 15 years of age [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

et al. 2016

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Despite the increased use of vaccination in several Asian countries, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) remains the most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia in humans with an estimated 68,000 cases annually. Considered a rural disease occurring mainly in paddy-field dominated landscapes where pigs are amplifying hosts, JE may nevertheless circulate in a wider range of environment given the diversity of its potential hosts and vectors. The main objective of this study was to assess the intensity of JE transmission to pigs in a peri-urban environment in the outskirt of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We estimated the force of JE infection in two cohorts of 15 sentinel pigs by fitting a generalised linear model on seroprevalence monitoring data observed during two four-month periods in 2014. Our results provide evidence for intensive circulation of JE virus in a periurban area near Phnom Penh, the capital and most populated city of Cambodia. Understanding JE virus transmission in different environments is important for planning JE virus control in the long term and is also an interesting model to study the complexity of vector-borne diseases. Collecting quantitative data such as the force of infection will help calibrate epidemiological model that can be used to better understand complex vector-borne disease epidemiological cycles.

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Epidemiology and burden of disease from Japanese encephalitis in Cambodia: results from two years of sentinel surveillance

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in Cambodian children, 2010–2013

Aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in Cambodian children, 2010–2013

Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis:

Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

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