Epidemiology and Clinical Complication Patterns of Influenza A (H1N1 Virus) in Northern Saudi Arabia

Altayep, Kheder Mohamed; Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim; Tallaa, Amjad Tallaa Ali; Alzayed, Ahmad Soud; Alshammari, Aqeel Jazzaa; Talla, Ayman Talla Ali

doi:10.4081/idr.2017.6930

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Hail City, a retrospective study conducted throughout 2015 at King Khaled Hospital revealed 54 (18%) infections with H1N1 pdm09. The patients ranged in age from 7 months to 85 years [78]. In a prospective study conducted from June to November of 2009, 526 health care workers at King Abdulaziz Medical City (Riyadh) tested positive for H1N1 pdm09 [79].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture

2019

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Acute lower respiratory tract infection is a major health problem that affects more than 15% of the total population of Saudi Arabia each year. Epidemiological studies conducted over the last three decades have indicated that viruses are responsible for the majority of these infections. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia is proposed to be affected mainly by the presence and mobility of large numbers of foreign workers and the gathering of millions of Muslims in Mecca during the Hajj and Umrah seasons. Knowledge concerning the epidemiology, circulation pattern, and evolutionary kinetics of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia are scant, with the available literature being inconsistent. This review summarizes the available data on the epidemiology and evolution of respiratory viruses. The demographic features associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus infections are specifically analyzed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of this virus. The data support the view that continuous entry and exit of pilgrims and foreign workers with different ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds in Saudi Arabia is the most likely vehicle for global dissemination of respiratory viruses and for the emergence of new viruses (or virus variants) capable of greater dissemination.Handling Editor:

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia: toward a complete picture

2019

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“…Of the H1N1-positive patients, 8 (14.8%) developed pneumonia, 5 (9.3%) developed adult respiratory distress syndrome, 15 (27.8%) required ICU admission, and 9 (16.6%) required mechanical ventilation. This study involved both adult and pediatric patients, and no comparison with the H1N1negative patients was noted [16].…”

Section: Comparison Between H1n1 Pcr-positive Patients and H1n1 Pcr-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Demographics, Clinical Presentations, Seasonality, and Outcome between Adult Patients with Influenza A and B in Two Seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) with Emphasis on H1N1 Infection Outcome

Khalil¹,

Elhadry²,

Talo³

et al. 2019

TOIDJ

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Background: Studies comparing Influenza A and B in our community are extremely limited. Methods: Adult patients (n=1708) with ILI who visited the outpatient clinics or emergency department with FIA-positive nasal swab in two seasons were included in the analysis. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and prolonged illness (revisit after 48 hours with same presentation and no admission), hospital admissions, death, and LOS were collected. Data on patients tested for H1N1 (309) by Cepheid Xpert Flu Assay (H1N1 positive, 143 [46%]; H1N1 negative, 166 [54%]) were also collected. Results: Prolonged illness was more frequent in patients with influenza B than those with influenza A (15.21% and 10.18%, respectively; P=0.002). There was no significant difference in frequency of total admissions, medical unit or intensive care unit admissions, LOS, and death between patients with influenza A and B. Total admissions were more frequent in H1N1-positive patients than H1N1-negative patients (23.1% and 13.3%, respectively; P=0.024). Prolonged illness was more frequent in H1N1-positive patients (23.1%) than H1N1-negative patients (4.8%) (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in admission to the medical unit or ICU, death, and LOS between H1N1-positive and H1N1-negative patients. The peak months of influenza A were December in the first season and October in the second season. April was the peak month of influenza B in both seasons. There was no statistically significant difference in the outcome of pregnant patients with influenza (either A or B) compared to non-pregnant women with influenza within the same childbearing age (maternal outcome was not studied). Conclusion: Prolonged illness was more frequent in flu B than in flu A patients. Patients with positive H1N1 had more frequent prolonged illness, and total hospital admissions than those with H1N1-negative patients. There was a different peak month(s) of patients with flu A compared to flu B.

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“…The outbreak of H1N1 influenza infection in Saudi Arabia has become an inevitable pediatric infectious disease, which requires huge public health attention and treatment strategy (Alsufiani et al, 2014); Altayep et al, 2017). The pandemic outbreaks of H1N1 recorded in the European Union (EU) and other parts of the world as per the WHO records known to have a potential impact on the health, social and economic conditions of the society (Stoto, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%