Epidemiology and Financial Impact of Bovine Mastitis in an Animal Production and Research Center and Small Holder Dairy Farms in HoroGuduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Mastitis is inflammation of parenchyma of the mammary gland regardless of the causative agent. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and financial losses caused by mastitis in six small holder dairy farms and the Animal Production and Research Center of the Wollega University. Data was collected through a questionaire on extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors and financial loss for one year production cycle. Sub-clinical mastitis prevalence was diagnosed using the California Mastitis test (CMT). Chi square, univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to determine the risk factors of the disease. CMT's were done on 154 lactating cows. The result of the study showed a prevalence rate of 46.75%, with 36.36% subclinical and 10.39% clinical mastitis cases. The analysis of extrinsic risk factors showed the management system is poor for most farms. Multivariable logistic regression showed breed, age and lactation status are the main risk factors that contribute for occurrence of the disease. When all farms were put together, the disease caused total loss of 2,949.8USD (59,719.08ETB), with an average annual milk loss of 22.3% in cross breed and 2.24% in local zebu cattle., Results of this study showed a high mastitis prevalence rate resulting in significant milk production and economic losses. Factors identified which may have played a role include dairy cow management, breed, age and lactation status. Recommendations to address these problems should be made awareness creation for the dairy cow owners on housing and management of dairy cow; awareness creation for the dairy cow owners on sources of mastitis pathogen and transmission methods of mastitis causing agent; design and implementation of control methods and further investigation of the disease by researcher were recommended.

Combating Bovine Mastitis in the Dairy Sector in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Ethno-veterinary Medicinal Option as a Viable Alternative Approach

“…Replacement expenditures, which were due to culling, and mastitis mortality, ranging from 3 to 28% with a median value of 22%, were the next biggest losses reported (median 22%). More so, Beyene and Tolosa ( 31 ) reported an average yearly drop of 59,719.08ETB, equivalent to USD 2,949.8, on account of mastitis, and a milk loss of 22.3% in crossbred cattle and of 2.24% in local zebu cattle in Ethiopia. The productive impact of subclinical mastitis in Colombian cattle ranches was estimated at about USD 800,000 per year, with milk production losses ranging from 1.3 to 13.5% per farm ( 32 ).…”

Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis

“… 11 Beyene and Tolosa estimated that the financial loss due to SCM in Ethiopian dairy farms gives a total cost of 2949.8 USD with an average milk loss of 22.3%. 127 The annual SCM economic loss in Ethiopia estimated in 2019 was about 21,933,258.6 LE, which was due to the results of decreased milk production, which costs about 1,369,602.1 LE and decrease in quality of the milk cost was estimated to be 20,563,656.5 LE. 10 Annual loss due to Mastitis in the Dairy industry is about 2.2 billion USD in India and about 2 Billion USD in the US.…”

“…Awareness should be made for the pathogens affecting the mammary tissue and for the transmission mode of mastitis to the dairy cow which is also in design and implementation of the control measures for SCM. 127 This review helps the farmers to raise awareness about the costs of mastitis and also motivates them to treat/take preventive measures. Many different control measures for mastitis include hygienic management principles, antibiotic treatments, teat dipping sealant, and intramammary devices.…”

Role of Teat Dipping After Milking for Subclinical Mastitis Control and Improving Production of Dairy Cow

“…The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Indonesia is still high at 85% (Rahayu, 2007). The rest of these problems cause very high economic losses for both farmers (Beyene and Tolosa, 2017) and the milk processing industry (Abrahmsen et al, 2014). Many factors that cause the incidence of subclinical mastitis include poor milking hygiene and lack of environmental sanitation on people's dairy farms (Abrahmsen et al, 2014;Beyene and Tolosa, 2017).…”

“…The rest of these problems cause very high economic losses for both farmers (Beyene and Tolosa, 2017) and the milk processing industry (Abrahmsen et al, 2014). Many factors that cause the incidence of subclinical mastitis include poor milking hygiene and lack of environmental sanitation on people's dairy farms (Abrahmsen et al, 2014;Beyene and Tolosa, 2017). With these factors, a method is needed to change the hygiene and sanitation practices and biosecurity measures to minimize and even eliminate the occurence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.…”