Epidemiology and Outcome of Glioblastoma

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. With an incidence rate of 3.19 per 100,000 persons in the United States and a median age of 64 years, it is uncommon in children. The incidence is 1.6 times higher in males compared to females and 2.0 times higher in Caucasians compared to Africans and Afro-Americans, with lower incidence in Asians and American Indians. GBM is commonly located in the supratentorial region (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) and is rarely located in cerebellum. Genetic and environmental factors have been investigated in GBM. Risk factors include prior radiotherapy, decreased susceptibility to allergy, immune factors and immune genes, as well as some single nucleotide polymorphisms detected by genomic analysis. Use of anti-inflammatory medication has been found to be protective against GBM. Survival from GBM is poor; only few patients survive 2.5 years and less than 5% of patients survive 5 years following diagnosis. Survival rates for patients with GBM have shown no notable improvement in population statistics in the last three decades. Molecular epidemiology integrates molecular technology into epidemiological studies and outcomes. The future of the epidemiology of Epidemiology of Glioblastoma 144GBM will depend on multicenter studies generating large clinical data sets of genomic data potentially leading to further understanding of the roles of genes and environment in the development of this devastating disease.

Optimized monoclonal antibody treatment against ELTD1 for GBM in a G55 xenograft mouse model

“…1,2 This high-grade glioma undergoes unregulated vascular angiogenesis and is characterized as being invasive, highly vascular and resistant to apoptosis. 1,2 This high-grade glioma undergoes unregulated vascular angiogenesis and is characterized as being invasive, highly vascular and resistant to apoptosis.…”

“…3 The current treatment plan is surgical resection followed by a combination of radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide or bevacizumab. 2,4 GBMs undergo gene amplification and/or mutation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and higher EGFR levels were shown to promote migration, tumour growth and angiogenesis. 2,4 GBMs undergo gene amplification and/or mutation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and higher EGFR levels were shown to promote migration, tumour growth and angiogenesis.…”

Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of the New Human Glioblastoma Cell Line AHOL1

“…Glioblastomas (also known as GBM or Glioblastoma Multiforme) are tumors that arise from the accumulation of somatic mutations in neural stem cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) [1,2]. They are the most lethal and common malignancy among all brain tumors, with incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100.000 individuals, median survival rate of 12-18 months [3] and higher predominance in males [4]. GBMs are commonly diagnosed in elderly patients (median of 65 years) [3], increasing with age peaking at 75-84 years and declining after 85 years [4].…”

“…They are the most lethal and common malignancy among all brain tumors, with incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100.000 individuals, median survival rate of 12-18 months [3] and higher predominance in males [4]. GBMs are commonly diagnosed in elderly patients (median of 65 years) [3], increasing with age peaking at 75-84 years and declining after 85 years [4].…”

Proliferative features of diffuse astrocytic tumors Grade III-IV and their impact on the prognosis

“…Glioblastoma accounted for 46,6% of all malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) [17]. Due to a numerous mutations in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas the individual prognosis of relapse-free survival and overall survival for different patients can vary significantly and the study of these mutations will allow selecting the most effective targeted therapy for each patient [24]. According to the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the CNS, it was proved, that patients with IDH1 mutant glioblastomas have better overall survival than patients with glioblastoma IDH-wild type (31 and 15 months respectively) [14,17].…”