Epidemiology and Outcomes of Health-care–Associated Pneumonia

Healthcare-associated pneumonia: another nail in the coffin?

“…The same year, it was corroborated by a large retrospective analysis of over 4,000 culture-positive episodes of pneumonia diagnosed in 59 US hospitals, finding that microbiological etiology, cost, and outcome of HCAP, using the definition of the 2005 ATS-IDSA guidelines, were more similar to hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) than to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) [2]. The HCAP concept was not completely novel, however, as numerous previous studies reported that pneumonia in certain non-hospitalized patients, especially persons residing in long-term healthcare facilities and nursing homes [3], could be caused by nosocomial, gramnegative bacteria in addition to common CAP pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.…”

“…The recognition of HCAP as a distinct entity was coupled with strong incentives for broadspectrum antibiotic therapy, as recommended empirical therapy was the same as that for late-onset HAP, consisting of a combination of two antibiotics with antipseudomonal activity with one directed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This recommendation was essentially based on the study by Kollef et al [2] which found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA were the predominant pathogens in HCAP, representing respectively 25 and 26 % of isolates.…”

Isolation and Antibiogram of Nonfermentative Gram Negative Bacilli in various Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India

“…Data from more recent studies continue to show Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the second most common cause of nosocomical pneumonia, health care associated pneumonia and ventilator associated pneumonia (Gaynes et al, 2005;Kollef et al, 2005).…”

Rearrangement of a Large Novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gene Island in Strains Isolated from a Patient Developing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

“…seudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and is associated with high mortality rates in intensive care unit patients (1,2). This is due to several factors, including the organism's metabolic versatility, inherent as well as acquired resistance to antimicrobials, and a large repertoire of virulence factors.…”