Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases

Döll, R; Joseph, Nancy; McGarry, David; Jhaveri, Devi; Sher, Theodore H.; Hostoffer, Robert

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05147-1_2

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Both genes and the environment shape human health and disease. Although IgE‐mediated allergic diseases (atopic diseases) have a genetic component and are more prevalent in individuals with a family history of allergic disease, the observed rapid increases in allergic diseases suggest that environmental factors are the predominant driving forces behind these increases rather than genetic alterations 1,2 . Common atopic diseases include atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and novel developments in environmental influences on the development of atopic diseases

Alkotob

Cannedy

Harter

et al. 2020

Allergy

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Both genes and the environment shape human health and disease. Although IgE-mediated allergic diseases (atopic diseases) have a genetic component and are more prevalent in individuals with a family history of allergic disease, the observed rapid increases in allergic diseases suggest that environmental factors are the predominant driving forces behind these increases rather than genetic alterations. 1,2 Common atopic diseases include atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma. Human diets and lifestyle have undergone major alterations. The exposome, which is the sum total of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime, has undergone major shifts in the last few decades, affecting human health and disease. A number of environmental factors have been implicated in the increased prevalence of allergic diseases. Predominant among them are increased exposure to pollutants and decreased exposure to microbes and parasitic infections. Air pollution has increased significantly in the last few decades. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that increased hygiene and lack of exposure to microbes and parasitic infections at an early age prevents the necessary stimulus to train the immune system to develop tolerogenic responses. Lifestyle factors,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and novel developments in environmental influences on the development of atopic diseases

Alkotob

Cannedy

Harter

et al. 2020

Allergy

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“…The mechanism behind the increase in food allergies over the past two decades is poorly understood. Therefore, various research focus on the investigation of the hygiene hypothesis, delivery by cesarean section, changes in dietary fat content, Vitamin D deficiency, or insufficiency, darker skin tone ( 118 ). Furthermore, late introduction to food proteins as well as exposure to more intact dietary proteins mediated by the usage of gastric acid suppressive medications (antacids) could be explanations for the rise in food allergies ( 119 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Allergy Prevention In Everyday Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, late introduction to food proteins as well as exposure to more intact dietary proteins mediated by the usage of gastric acid suppressive medications (antacids) could be explanations for the rise in food allergies ( 119 ). In addition, food allergies are often associated with other allergic diseases such as eczema, family history of food allergy also plays a role, as well as immigration to developed counties during infancy, and genetic factor are being investigated ( 118 , 120 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Allergy Prevention In Everyday Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Atopic Diseases During Childhood – Early Exposure Matters

2021

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Atopic diseases in childhood are a major burden worldwide and there is still a lack of knowledge about treatable causes. In industrialized countries such as Germany, almost every second child is sensitized to at least one common allergen. Recent studies show that although the predisposition to allergies is inherited, the adaptive immune system of neonates and infants follows a developmental trajectory and whether an allergy actually occurs depends also on timing of allergen exposure including diet as well as environmental factors. New recommendations are far from being rigid of allergen avoidance; it is rather moving toward conditions that stand for more biodiversity. The observation that introduction of peanuts or eggs early in life significantly reduced the development of a later allergy will change our recommendations for the introduction of complementary foods. This is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis that early provocation shapes the developing immune system so that it reacts appropriately. Therefore, promoting the development of tolerance is at the heart of sensible allergy prevention - and this begins with the last trimester of pregnancy. In light of this concept, actual recommendations are discussed.

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“…[5] This trend is especially concerning due to the high prevalence of atopic disorders. Currently, approximately a quarter of individuals in developed countries [6] are affected by allergic disease and these numbers are expected to increase with climate change. Temperature, rainfall, and other variables of climate change have been shown to indirectly effect allergies and asthma by their effects on pollen and molds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Duration of Pollen and Mold Exposure are Linked to Climate Change

Paudel

Chu

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Pollen and molds are environmental allergens that are affected by climate change. As pollen and molds exhibit geographical variations, we sought to understand the impact of climate change (temperature, carbon dioxide, precipitation, smoke exposure) on common pollen and molds in the San Francisco Bay Area, one of the largest urban areas in the United States. When using time-series regression models between 2002 and 2019, the annual average number of weeks with pollen concentrations higher than zero increased over time. For tree pollens, the average increase in this duration was 0.47 weeks and 0.51 weeks for mold spores. Associations between mold, pollen and meteorological data (e.g. precipitation, temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide level, and area covered by wildfire smoke plumes) were analyzed using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which found that the peak concentrations of tree and grass pollens are associated with seasonal patterns of maximum temperature and precipitation. In addition, the peak concentrations of weed pollens are associated with seasonal temperature changes. We did not find clear associations of pollen and spore concentrations with carbon dioxide levels and wildfire smoke exposure. This study’s findings suggest that spore and pollen activities are related to changes in observed climate change variables.

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Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases

Cited by 17 publications

References 110 publications

Advances and novel developments in environmental influences on the development of atopic diseases

Advances and novel developments in environmental influences on the development of atopic diseases

Preventing Atopic Diseases During Childhood – Early Exposure Matters

Increased Duration of Pollen and Mold Exposure are Linked to Climate Change

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