Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Breteler, Monique M.B.; Claus, J. J.; Duijn, Cornelia M. van; Launer, L. J.; Hofman, Albert

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036092

Cited by 237 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…18 Higher numbers of cardiovascular risk factors are associated with higher risk of vascular dementia and AD. 41,42 Depression is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction 43 and stroke 44 in community populations and a 35% increased risk for macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes. 45 Diabetes is also associated with a significant risk of macrovascular complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbid Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbid Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2010

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“…Population studies have shown that less than 1% of 60-64 year olds are affected in contrast to 40% of those older than 85 years [3]. Although this implicates that AD mostly occurs in the elderly, 1-2% of all affecteds are EOAD patients.…”

Section: Molecular Genetics Of Eoadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2003) 3, residues prevent the normal metabolism of APP and increase Aβ production by subtle different mechanisms. The Swedish double mutation APP670/671 [30], immediately preceding the β-secretase cleavage site, induces increased cleavage by β-secretase to generate more Aβ40 and Aβ42.…”

Section: Rademakers Et Al: Genetics Of Early-onset Alzheimer Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Early-Onset Alzheimer Dementia

Rademakers

Cruts

Broeckhoven

2003

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Although the onset of dementia is above 65 years of age in the majority of the patients (late-onset AD, LOAD), a small subgroup of patients develops AD before 65 years of age (early-onset AD, EOAD). To date 3 genes responsible for EOAD have been identified: the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2). PSEN1 is the most frequently mutated EOAD gene with a mutation frequency of 18 to 50% in autosomal dominant EOAD. In addition, the ε4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) was identified as a risk factor for both LOAD and EOAD. Many studies reported other susceptibility genes, but the APOE 4 alelle has been the only risk factor that was consistently replicated in all AD populations. Extensive cell biology research in the past ten years led to the hypothesis that the 4 EOAD genes lead to AD through a common biological pathway resulting in abnormal APP processing by subtle different mechanisms. Now, transgenic mice are produced to study the influence of EOAD mutations in vivo, eventually leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. KEYWORDS:Alzheimer dementia, neurodegeneration, mutations, linkage analysis, association analysis, mouse models DOMAINS: genetics (man), aging, neuroscience INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that causes progressive memory loss and cognitive decline during mid to late adult life, leading to dementia and ultimately death. AD is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, and represents the fourth largest cause of death in the developed world. In the near future, the impact of AD on our society will dramatically increase since, as populations live longer, the number of elderly people continues to grow.The clinical symptoms of AD display a substantial overlap with clinical symptoms observed in other neurodegenerative disorders with dementia as accompanying feature, such as *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Molecular Genetics (VIB8), Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp (UIA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Tel: +32 3 8202601/Fax: +32 3 8202541 ©2003 with author.497 Rademakers et al.: Genetics of Early-Onset Alzheimer Dementia TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2003) 3, 497-519 frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Creutzfeldt Jacob's disease (CJD). Therefore a definite diagnosis of AD can only be obtained at autopsy. Extensive neuronal loss, and two particular brain lesions in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala characterize AD: the senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The SPs are compact extracellular deposits that consist of a large amyloid β (Aβ) core surrounded by dystrophic neurites. NFTs are intraneuronal inclusions of paired helical filaments (PHF) that are mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT).Based on the age at which the first clinical symptoms become...

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“…Epidemiological studies are still unable to identify one single cause of AD, although age and positive family history are clearly important risk factors (3). The most potent risk factor is apolipoprotein E (APOE) was first elucidated in 1993, and then, then multiple rare mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes (participating the encoding process of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2 respectively) has been discovered through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association study of the PLXNA4 gene with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Tan³

et al. 2016

Ann. Transl. Med.

151

129

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Background:The Plexin-A 4 (PLXNA4) gene has recently been recognized as a functional candidate gene of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13232207 of PLXNA4 gene has been reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Japanese cohorts. We sought to clarify whether this novel locus gains the same effect in northern Han Chinese.Methods: To investigate the relationship between SNP rs13232207 and AD sufferers, a case-control study of unrelated individuals was conducted with a total sample size of 2,318 subjects (978 cases and 1,340 age and gender matched healthy controls) in a Northern Han Chinese population. SPSS 22.0 was applied for the statistical process.Results: No significant difference in polymorphic distribution of rs13232207 was observed on LOAD risk independently under dominant (P=0.057), additive (P=0.233) or recessive model (P=0.392). In terms of interaction with apolipoprotein E (APOE), there is also no positive interaction in dominant (P=0.438), additive (P=0.055) or recessive model (P=0.095).Conclusions: Replication of association between the PLXNA4 rs13232207 and AD in a Han ethnic group indicates that this link is not the result of chance.

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Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 237 publications

References 0 publications

Comorbid Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Comorbid Depression Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia Diagnosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study

Genetics of Early-Onset Alzheimer Dementia

Association study of the PLXNA4 gene with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease

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