Epidemiology of cervical cancer

Moghissi, Kamran S.; Mack, Harold C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)33386-x

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This difference is statistically significant (p<0.001) and is in keeping with the findings of others (18,22,23). Intercourse at an early age, especially at puberty, is said to be particularly important (11,18), perhaps because the immature sexual organs are highly sensitive to carcinogenic factors (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Similarly, even though the difference was not significant (p>0.25), a higher percentage (6.1%) of the carcinoma group had intercourse with 4 or more partners as compared with 1.9% of the healthy controls. It is believed that the high incidence of multiple marriages and intercourse with multiple partners would increase the chance of a woman being exposed to men having carcinogenic factors (2,19,23) although Masubushi and Nemoto (18) disagree with this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is very rare among Nuns (8,25). It is also uncommon among virgins (16,18,19,22). These three correlates and observations by other workers (1,2,10,24,26,27) have led to the conclusion that cancer of the cervix is uniquely a human cancer and that coital experience is a prerequisite to its development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri in Ibadan: Coital Characteristics

Adelusi

1977

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been found to be the most common female malignancy in Ibadan, excluding the reticuloendothelial tumors. In a study to investigate associated etiological factors in this environment, it was demonstrated that certain coital characteristics of women with cervical cancer can be identified. These were a common denominator which could explain the frequency of the disease among some categories of patients who engage in early sexual practice, have intercourse frequently and with multiple partners, and have many pregnancies. Support was given to the view that a sexually transmitted factor might be important in the cause of carcinoma of the cervix.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri in Ibadan: Coital Characteristics

Adelusi

1977

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…creased in women who have or have had venereal disease (4,9,10,14). In England, Scotland and Wales a covariation has been demonstrated for frequency disease in two cohorts 20 years apart (1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonorrheal Infection Followed by an Increased Frequency of Cervical Carcinoma

Furgyik

Åstedt

1980

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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In a town with a fairly centralized health service and a well organized gynecologic health control, women who had had gonorrhea in 1954 or 1955 were reviewed for presence of cervical neoplasia and compared with age-matched controls. Of 164 women studied, 29 (17.7 per cent) had 24 or 23 years later developed cancer in situ, compared with 7 (4.3 per cent) of the controls (p < 0.001), while 8 (4.3 per cent) had invasive cancer colli uteri against only one (0.6 per cent) of the controls (p < 0.02). Malignant disease of the portio proved at least four times as common among the women with gonorrhea in their history as among the controls. The findings corroborate the view that cervical carcinoma is a sexually transmitted disease. It may be assumed that at least every fourth woman who had had gonorrhea had been or is a carrier of the carcinogenic agent(s). It is probably easier to search for and detect such agents in association with gonorrhea than in patients with already manifest cancer of the uterine cervix.

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“…Various studies have shown that the most important factors, some of which are interdepen dent, related to a higher frequency of cervical cancer are (a) sexual intercouse at an early age, (b) early marriage, (c) pregnancy in early reproductive years, (d) multiple sex partners and multiple marriages, (e) higher incidence of vaginal and pelvic infections, and if) low socioeconomic status (68)(69)(70). The etiology of cervical cancer is not known.…”

Section: Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Contraceptives: Relation to Mammary Cancer, Benign Breast Lesions, and Cervical Cancer

Va¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

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The results of experimental studies on the relationship of estrogens and oral contraceptives to mammary lesions demonstrate that the type of response obtained depends largely on the species and strain of animal that is employed. A variety of clinical studies has failed to demonstrate that estrogen can cause mammary cancer, this lack of effort correlates with the results obtained in various studies in animals. Similar relationships exist for oral contraceptives, and the clinical data show good agreement in demonstrating that the contraceptive steroids do not have a tumorigenic effect on the human mammary gland. Estrogen can increase the occurrence of cervical cancer in certain strains of mice, but apparently this effect is not observed in other species of animals, including man. The preponderance of data shows that oral contraceptives do not adversely affect the occurence of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer in situ, or invasive cervical cancer.

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Epidemiology of cervical cancer

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri in Ibadan: Coital Characteristics

Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri in Ibadan: Coital Characteristics

Gonorrheal Infection Followed by an Increased Frequency of Cervical Carcinoma

Oral Contraceptives: Relation to Mammary Cancer, Benign Breast Lesions, and Cervical Cancer

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