Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to quantify the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – incidence, prevalence, and mortality – and identify trends in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. A structured literature search was performed (January 2000 to September 2010) of PubMed and EMBASE, identifying English-language articles reporting COPD prevalence, incidence, or mortality. Of 2838 articles identified, 299 full-text articles were reviewed, and data were extracted from 133 publications. Prevalence data were extracted from 80 articles, incidence data from 15 articles, and mortality data from 58 articles. Prevalence ranged from 0.2%–37%, but varied widely across countries and populations, and by COPD diagnosis and classification methods. Prevalence and incidence were greatest in men and those aged 75 years and older. Mortality ranged from 3–111 deaths per 100,000 population. Mortality increased in the last 30–40 years; more recently, mortality decreased in men in several countries, while increasing or stabilizing in women. Although COPD mortality increased over time, rates declined more recently, likely indicating improvements in COPD management. In many countries, COPD mortality has increased in women but decreased in men. This may be explained by differences in smoking patterns and a greater vulnerability in women to the adverse effects of smoking.

Fatores associados à Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica em idosos

“…The stopping of smoking is described as the most effective intervention in the reduction of the development of pulmonary problems increasing the chances of survival and reducing morbidity 23 . This study found associations amongst current and past smoking habits with the presence COPD in elderly as described in the literature 7,10,11,22,23 without there being evidence associated with the smoking burden in the group with COPD which might be related to memory limitations since the studied public was older people. The presence of chronic sputum as the only respiratory symptom associated with COPD in the studied older people, differs in the data from the literature on the symptoms since there is a greater emphasis on coughs and dyspnea 1,24 .…”

“…A study conducted in some regions of Latin America identified the greatest prevalence of COPD associated with the highest levels of smoking 21 . The intensity of smoking and the persistence of the habit even after the diagnosis, showed direct relations with mortality rates from COPD 22 . The stopping of smoking is described as the most effective intervention in the reduction of the development of pulmonary problems increasing the chances of survival and reducing morbidity 23 .…”

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcomes in COPD: recent evidence and future perspectives

“…COPD is a major contributor of healthcare costs due to frequent hospitalisation, loss of productivity and disability [4]. COPD is a heterogeneous collection of syndromes with complex pathophysiological mechanisms and different clinical phenotypes, which negatively affect accurate diagnosis, as well as the design and validation of effective studies and therapies [5][6][7].…”

Noninvasive Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Echocardiography With & It's Co-Relation With the Disease Severity (Hospital Based Study)

“…As may be expected from a chronic illness, periods of stable COPD are interspersed with episodes of acute exacerbations .COPD exacerbations significantly increase the rate at which the lung function deteriorates, as well as the mortality rate associated with this disease (Rycroft, 2012;Wells, Washko, Han et al, 2013).…”