Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum in symptomatic paediatric oncology patients

Burgner, David; Pikos, N; Eagles, Gillian; McCarthy, Aaron; Stevens, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.1999.00361.x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In an earlier study also in India, the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among cancer patients was 1.3% [25] . Another study done in Australia did not find any case of cryptosporidiosis amongst cancer patients with diarrhea [26] . This variation in the incidence of cryptosporidiosis could be explained by the interaction with malnutrition [27] , chemotherapy [21] , other infections and animal contacts [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cryptosporidiosis and Immunological Status in Children With Malignant Diseases

Mahdi¹,

Al-Sadoon²,

Hassan³

2007

MJBU

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Objective: To investigate the relationship of Cryptosporidium and immunological parameters among children with malignant diseases. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 101 children with malignant disease and 107 apparently healthy children. Direct smear method and then formalin-ether sedimentation method were done for all stool samples to identify intestinal parasites. Fecal smears were prepared from the sediment and stained by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method for the recovery of acid-fast oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Phagocytic activity, complement C3 and C4 estimation, immunoglobulin levels and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 marking and phenotyping were carried out for 30 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 20 control group. Results: ALL was the major type (47.52%) of malignant cases in the studied subjects. The other type ranged from 0.99% to 10.9%. Out of the 101 patients, 50(49.5%) were found to be positive for intestinal parasites compared to 13(12.15%) of the control group (P<0.01). Cryptosporidium oocysts were found to be excreted by 10(9.0%) patients and 1(0.93%) of the control group (P<0.01). The phagocytic activity, levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and CD3, CD4 cell numbers were lower in patients than in control group while higher in case of C3, C4, CD8 and CD19. Conclusion: Children with malignancy are immunocompromised. Therefore, Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites must be considered in the differential diagnosis in this risky group in order to reduce the suffering often faced by those children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cryptosporidiosis and Immunological Status in Children With Malignant Diseases

Mahdi¹,

Al-Sadoon²,

Hassan³

2007

MJBU

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“…In New South Wales, no Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 149 stool samples from 60 symptomatic pediatric oncology patients [41]. The difference in prevalence may be related to the extent of the influence of chemotherapy drugs on immune status of cancer patients.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

et al. 2020

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Background Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging infectious disease of public health significance worldwide. The burden of disease caused by Cryptosporidium varies between and within countries/ areas. To have a comprehensive understanding of epidemiological status and characteristics of human Cryptosporidium infection in China since the first report in 1987, a retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted by presenting differences in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by province, year, population, living environment and season and possible transmission routes and risk factors as well as genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in humans. Methodology/Principal findings A systematic search was conducted to obtain epidemiological papers of human Cryptosporidium infection/cryptosporidiosis from PubMed and Chinese databases. Finally, 164 papers were included in our analysis. At least 200,054 people from 27 provinces were involved in investigational studies of Cryptosporidium, with an average prevalence of 2.97%. The prevalence changed slightly over time. Variable prevalences were observed: 0.65-11.15% by province, 1.89-47.79% by population, 1.77-12.87% and 0-3.70% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The prevalence peak occurred in summer or autumn. Indirect person-to-person transmission was documented in one outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital. 263 Cryptosporidium isolates were obtained, and seven Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. hominis (48.3%), C. andersoni (22.43%), C. parvum (16.7%), C. meleagridis (8.36%), C. felis (3.04%), C. canis (0.76%) and C. suis (0.38%).

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“…The first, from New South Wales, investigated 149 stool samples from 60 children with cancer and diarrhea and found none to be positive (16). By comparison, 13% of stools from non-oncology patients were positive.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosis In Patients With Malignant Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Features ofCryptosporidiumInfection in Immunocompromised Patients

Hunter

Nichols²

2002

Clin Microbiol Rev

498

363

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SUMMARY Cryptosporidium spp. are a major cause of diarrheal disease in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. They also cause waterborne disease in both the United States and United Kingdom. Studies on the mechanisms of immunity to cryptosporidiosis indicate the importance of the T-cell response. The spectrum and severity of disease in immunocompromised individuals with cryptosporidiosis reflect this importance since the most severe disease is seen in individuals with defects in the T-cell response. The most commonly studied group is that of patients with AIDS. These patients suffer from more severe and prolonged gastrointestinal disease that can be fatal; in addition, body systems other than the gastrointestinal tract may be affected. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy does appear to be having a beneficial effect on recovery from cryptosporidiosis and on the frequency of infection in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Other diseases that are associated with increased risk of severe cryptosporidiosis, such as primary immunodeficiencies, most notably severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, are also predominantly associated with T-cell defects. Of the remaining groups, children with acute leukemia seem to be most at risk from cryptosporidiosis. There is less evidence of severe complications in patients with other malignant diseases or in those receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy.

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Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum in symptomatic paediatric oncology patients

Abstract: In contrast to studies of adult oncology patients, paediatric oncology patients in our institution appear at low risk of cryptosporidiosis.

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Cryptosporidiosis and Immunological Status in Children With Malignant Diseases

Cryptosporidiosis and Immunological Status in Children With Malignant Diseases

A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)

Epidemiology and Clinical Features ofCryptosporidiumInfection in Immunocompromised Patients

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