Epidemiology of dialysis-treated end-stage renal disease patients in Kazakhstan: data from nationwide large-scale registry 2014–2018

Abstract

Background The epidemiology of dialysis patients has been little studied in developing countries and economies in transition. We examined the prevalence, incidence and mortality rate of dialysis patients in Kazakhstan, via aggregation and utilization of large-scale administrative healthcare data. Methods The registry data of 8898 patients receiving dialysis therapy between 2014 and 2018 years were extracted from the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS) and linked with the national population registry of Kazakhstan. We provide descriptive statistics of demographic, comorbidity and dialysis-related characteristics. Results Among all patients undergoing maintenance dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), there were 3941 (44%) females and 4957 (56%) males. 98.7% of patients received hemodialysis and 1.3% peritoneal dialysis. The majority of the patients (63%) were ethnic Kazakhs, 18% were Russians and 19% were of other ethnicities. The prevalence and incidence rate in 2014 were 135.2 and 68.9 per million population (PMP), respectively, which were different in 2018 [350.2 and 94.9 PMP, respectively]. Overall mortality rate among dialysis patients reduced from 1667/1000 patient-years [95%Confidence Interval (CI): 1473–1886] (PY) in 2014 to 710/1000PY [95%CI: 658–767] in 2018. We observed 13% lower crude survival probability in females compared to males and in older patients compared to younger ones. Russian ethnicity had 58% higher risk of death, while other ethnicities had 34% higher risk of death compared to in those of Kazakh ethnicity. Conclusion We describe for the first time in Kazakhstan an increase in the prevalence and incidence of ESRD on dialysis, while mortality rate decreased over time, during 2014–2018. We observed statistically significant lower survival probability in female dialysis patients compared to males, in older patients compared to younger ones, and in patients of Russian ethnicity compared to Kazakh.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Centre Study in Somalia

“…Poisons and toxins cross the dialysis membrane into the dialysate, which discards the harmful substances, and then the blood is returned to the patient [ 9 ]. The number of end-stage renal disease patients requiring hemodialysis is increasing steadily over the last decades [ 10 , 11 ]. Although renal transplantation offers improved quality of life and increases survival rate compared to hemodialysis, hemodialysis is still the choice of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients in low-income countries such as Somalia [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Analysis of chronic kidney disease epidemiology in Kazakhstan using nationwide data for 2014–2020 and forecasting future trends of prevalence and mortality for 2030

“…In our previous study [ 6 ], we reported the epidemiology of dialysis-treated ESKD in Kazakhstan for the period of 2014–2018 years using big data from the Unified National Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) [ 7 ]; however, in-depth epidemiology of CKD over the country has never been studied. Forecasting the future trend of CKD for the next 10 years and being prepared for expected CKD cases with appropriate preventive measures are very important.…”

Acute renal failure in newborns in the practice of a pediatrician of the future

“…Currently, the literature shows a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of ESRD on dialysis in Kazakhstan in 2014-2018 [5]. Despite this increase, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on ESRD within Kazakhstan.…”

“…Even though chronic haemodialysis treatment has been available since 1974, the majority of public dialysis facilities are concentrated in large cities only, leaving access to the rural population difficult. However, legislative changes made in the early 2000s enabled the development of private dialysis centres across the nation, improving patient access to these facilities [5]. Will this alone be enough to rectify the core issue within the country with regards to dialysis to the pediatric population?…”