Epidemiology of Group B Coxsackieviruses

Pallansch, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0247-7_22

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The many EV serotypes differ in their isolation frequency and in the shape of the isolation frequency curve. For example, coxsackievirus B3 is isolated at a relatively constant rate, whereas coxsackievirus B5 is most often associated with epidemics and is otherwise relatively rare (24). The factors influencing EV prevalence are poorly understood but may include duration of serotype-specific immunity, efficiency of transmission, severity of symptoms, and ease of isolation, all of which could influence identification and reporting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Echovirus Type 30 (E30): Genotypes Correlate with Temporal Dynamics of E30 Isolation

et al. 1999

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Echovirus type 30 (E30) (genus, Enterovirus; family,Picornaviridae) has caused large outbreaks of aseptic meningitis in many regions of the world in the last 40 years. U.S. enterovirus surveillance data for the period 1961 to 1998 indicated that the annual proportion of E30 isolations relative to total enterovirus isolations has fluctuated widely, from a low of 0% in 1966 to a high of 42% in 1998. Peaks of E30 isolations occurred in the years 1968 to 1969, 1981 to 1984, 1990 to 1993, and 1997 to 1998, coincident with large nationwide outbreaks of E30-associated aseptic meningitis. Analysis of the complete VP1 sequence (876 nucleotides) of 136 E30 strains isolated in geographically dispersed regions of the United States and nine other countries between 1956 and 1998 indicated that the currently circulating E30 strains are genetically distinct from those isolated 30 to 40 years ago. Phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated the existence of at least four distinct genetic groups, three of which have not been isolated in North America since 1981. Two of the three groups disappeared during periods when E30 was isolated infrequently. All North American E30 strains isolated after 1988 were closely related to one another, and all post-1993 isolates were of the same lineage within this group. Surveillance data indicate that E30 causes large national outbreaks of 2- to 4-year durations, separated by periods of relative quiescence. Our results show that shifts in the overall genetic diversity of E30 and the predominant genetic type correlate temporally with the dynamics of E30 isolation. The sequence data also provide a basis for the application of molecular techniques for future epidemiologic investigations of E30 disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Echovirus Type 30 (E30): Genotypes Correlate with Temporal Dynamics of E30 Isolation

et al. 1999

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“…FM may by caused by an enterovirus, such as coxsackievirus B4, which is associated predominantly with endemic patterns of infection. 29) In mice, coxsackievirus B4 produces a disease similar to fulminant myocarditis. 30) Recently, a few reports clearly identified that FM is associated with coxsackievirus type B(CVB), CVB3 and adenovirus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Circulatory Supports in the Treatment of Fulminant Myocarditis

Park

Jeon

2005

Korean Circ J

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Background and Objectives：Although fulminant myocarditis (FM) is known as a fatal disease, once patients have recovered, with aggressive pharmacologic therapy and/or mechanical circulatory supports (MCS), including intra-aortic pump, temporary ventricular assist device and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, they may return to normal life with an excellent long-term prognosis. Elevated C-reactive protein, Creatinine phosphokinase and cytokine concentrations, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and intraventricular conduction disturbances on admission may predict the progress of acute myocarditis to fulminant course. Early MCS helps save life and prevent multi-organ failures in patients with FM. The type of MCS may not affect the outcome of the clinical course when its complications are managed properly. Since other managements with immunoglobulin, antiviral agent or monoclonal antibody remain to be confirmed, aggressive hemodynamic support with MCS is the best management for patients with FM, who once recovered from the acute phase can return to normal life. (Korean Circulation J 2005;35:563-572) KEY WORDS：Myocarditis；Prognosis；Mechanical circulatory supports.

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“…The coxsackieviruses of group B (CVB) have long been associated with pancreatitis and some cases of insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; Pallansch, 1988;Melnick, 1997). Between 40 and 80 percent of adults in the U.S. have been infected with one of the five serotypes (of six total) of CVB that are endemic in the U.S., and 10-30 percent have been infected with two or three serotypes (Pallansch, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 40 and 80 percent of adults in the U.S. have been infected with one of the five serotypes (of six total) of CVB that are endemic in the U.S., and 10-30 percent have been infected with two or three serotypes (Pallansch, 1988). Infection results in a wide range of documentable illness only 10 percent of the time, but actual morbidity is likely much higher because many illnesses are not reported, do not require hospitalization, or the disease may have long latent periods, e.g., IDDM (Paliansch, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glyconutritional mixture (Ambrotose®) provides some amelioration to mice with coxsackievirus-induced pancreatitis

Gauntt

Busbee

Wood

et al. 1999

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Challenge of adolescent male CD-1 mice with a coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) strain (CVB3,) induces mild to severe destruction of pancreatic acinar cells, but causes no deaths and does not induce hyperglycemia. A weekly parenteral (intraperitoneal) administration of a glyconutritional mixture (Ambrotose | to virus-challenged mice was assessed to determine if there were any benefits to recovery over an eight month period. Virus-challenged mice showed a significant weight loss over the initial five weeks of the experiment, but injection of Ambrotose | to similar virus-challenged mice restored the total body weight to levels found in normal mice. Normal mice given Ambrotose | exhibited a small weight gain. Mice given Ambrotose | showed reduced severity of pancreatitis, as evidenced by significant reductions in percentages of pancreatic acinar cells destroyed and proportion of sections of pancreata with destroyed acinar cells, compared to virus control-mice not injected with Ambrotose | Statistical analyses of the extent of acinar cell pathology in all virus-challenged mice showed that Ambrotose | contributed significantly to recovery of the acinar cell population in virus-inoculated mice. Anti-viral antibody titers were not affected by Ambrotose | injections. One potential mechanism to explain the benefits derived from Ambrotose | injections came from studies of antioxidant levels of glutathione in splenic macrophages/monocytes. Whereas CVB3 challenge of mice reduced glutathione levels in the latter cells, Ambrotose | injections to viruschallenged mice restored glutathione levels to those found in normal mice. In summary, most but not all mice derived benefits from Ambrotose | injections, i.e. a reduction in pathology in the pancreas and restored levels of the antioxidant glutathione in macrophages/monocytes. Higher doses of Ambrotose | could provide greater benefits for more mice, a study for the future.

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Epidemiology of Group B Coxsackieviruses

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Echovirus Type 30 (E30): Genotypes Correlate with Temporal Dynamics of E30 Isolation

Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Echovirus Type 30 (E30): Genotypes Correlate with Temporal Dynamics of E30 Isolation

Mechanical Circulatory Supports in the Treatment of Fulminant Myocarditis

A glyconutritional mixture (Ambrotose®) provides some amelioration to mice with coxsackievirus-induced pancreatitis

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