Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia in Children

Hamdy, Rana F.; Hsu, Alice J.; Stockmann, Chris; Olson, Jared; Bryan, Matthew; Hersh, Adam L.; Tamma, Pranita D.; Gerber, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0183

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is worth acknowledging, however, that other investigators examining this issue have not found a consistent relationship between vancomycin MIC and clinical outcome in invasive staphylococcal infection (31,32). Such discrepancies in the literature might be a consequence of variability in MIC methodologies (33), definitions of primary outcomes, and/or global variability in strain types or intrinsic virulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association of Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children

Kok

Vallejo

Sommer

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Strains of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), particularly those belonging to the USA300 pulsotype, have been well described to cause severe osteoarticular infections (OAIs). A vancomycin MIC of ≥1.5 μg/ml has been demonstrated to contribute to disease severity in adults with MRSA and even methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) bacteremia. Little data exist describing the outcomes of MSSA OAIs in terms of molecular characteristics and vancomycin MIC. All patients/isolates were chosen from a surveillance study at Texas Children's Hospital (TCH). OAI isolates were identified from 2011 to 2016 and subjected to vancomycin Etests, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR to determine Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) production and group. Two hundred fifty-two cases of OAI were identified; 183 cases were MSSA (72.6%). During the study period, a decrease in the proportion of cases secondary to MRSA was observed, declining from 37.8% to 15.9% ( = 0.02). Of the MSSA isolates, 26.2% and 23.5% were USA300 and PVL positive, respectively. An increase in the proportion of MSSA isolates with a vancomycin MIC of ≥1.5 μg/ml occurred in the study period ( = 0.004). In MSSA, an elevated vancomycin MIC was associated with multiple surgical procedures and venous thromboses, even when adjusting for empirical β-lactam use. An increase in vancomycin MIC was noted among isolates belonging to group 4 during the study period. Methicillin resistance is declining among OAI isolates at TCH. Simultaneously, vancomycin Etest MICs are increasing among MSSA isolates. Vancomycin MICs of ≥2 μg/ml are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in MSSA irrespective of antibiotic choice, suggesting that this may be a surrogate for organism virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Association of Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children

Kok

Vallejo

Sommer

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a substantial number of pediatric infections each year in the United States, with potential for severe complications including death. [1][2][3][4] Although the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) led to a rapid increase in the number of S. aureus infections in children, 5 recent data suggest that S. aureus infections are declining in adults, driven primarily by decreases in MRSA. 6,7 Similar findings have been reported in pediatric populations, but these studies were limited to single centers and unique populations, such as military members or infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in patients admitted to freestanding pediatric hospitals, 2009–2016

Spaulding

Thurm

Courter

et al. 2018

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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“…There is increasing political and community concern because multiple approaches have failed or struggled to control the spread of HCAIs, resulting in high morbidity and mortality due to AMR infections developed during hospital stays. [150][151][152][153][154][155] Strategies aimed at minimizing and controlling HCAIs comprise active surveillance cultures (ASCs), contact isolation of patients colonized with epidemiologically significant pathogens, and pre-emptive isolation of high-risk patients. 156 It has been suggested that ASCs of all or certain highrisk patients and placing them under contact precautions will help to curb or eliminate the multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) that can trigger HCAIs.…”

Section: Screening and Cohorting Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Narrative Overview</p>

Haque¹,

McKimm²,

Sartelli³

et al. 2020

RMHP

122

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Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality and are the second most prevalent cause of death. Furthermore, it has been reported that for every one-hundred patients admitted to hospital, seven patients in high-income economies and ten in emerging and low-income economies acquire at least one type of HCAI. Currently, almost all pathogenic microorganisms have developed antimicrobial resistance, and few new antimicrobials are being developed and brought to market. The literature search for this narrative review was performed by searching bibliographic databases (including Google Scholar and PubMed) using the search terms: "Strategies," "Prevention," and "Healthcare-Associated Infections," followed by snowballing references cited by critical articles. We found that although hand hygiene is a centuries-old concept, it is still the primary strategy used around the world to prevent HCAIs. It forms one of a bundle of approaches used to clean and maintain a safe hospital environment and to stop the transmission of contagious and infectious microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant microbes. Finally, antibiotic stewardship also has a crucial role in reducing the impact of HCAIs through conserving currently available antimicrobials.

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Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children

Abstract: Hospitalized children with MRSA bacteremia frequently suffered treatment failure and complications, but mortality was low. The odds of bacteremia-related complications increased with each additional day of bacteremia, emphasizing the importance of achieving rapid sterilization.

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Association of Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children

Association of Vancomycin MIC and Molecular Characteristics with Clinical Outcomes in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children

Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in patients admitted to freestanding pediatric hospitals, 2009–2016

<p>Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Narrative Overview</p>

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