Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Glasgow

Murray, Sara G.; Penrice, G.; Womersley, SJ

doi:10.1177/003693300404900310

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Of these, 13 were from England [57-69], six from Scotland [21,70-74], three from Wales [75-77], three from Northern Ireland [78-80], one from the Republic of Ireland [81], and one from the Channel Islands [82]. The remaining study estimated incidence of MS across the UK [83].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults worldwide and approximately half of those affected are in Europe. The assessment of differential incidence and prevalence across populations can reveal spatial, temporal and demographic patterns which are important for identifying genetic and environmental factors contributing to MS. However, study methodologies vary and the quality of the methods can influence the estimates. This study aimed to systematically review European studies of incidence and prevalence of MS and to provide a quantitative assessment of their methodological quality.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to obtain all original population-based studies of MS incidence and prevalence in European populations conducted and published between January 1985 and January 2011. Only peer-reviewed full-text articles published in English or French were included. All abstracts were screened for eligibility and two trained reviewers abstracted the data and graded the quality of each study using a tool specifically designed for this study.ResultsThere were 123 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The study estimates were highly heterogeneous, even within regions or countries. Quality was generally higher in the more recent studies, which also tended to use current diagnostic criteria. Prevalence and incidence estimates tended to be higher in the more recent studies and were higher in the Nordic countries and in northern regions of the British Isles. With rare exceptions, prevalence and incidence estimates were higher in women with ratios as high as 3:1. Few studies examined ethnicity. Epidemiological data at the national level was uncommon and there were marked geographical disparities in available data, with large areas of Europe unrepresented and other regions well-represented in the literature. Only 37% of the studies provided standardized estimates.ConclusionsDespite the breadth of the literature on the epidemiology of MS in Europe, inter-study comparisons are hampered by the lack of standardization. Further research should focus on regions not yet studied and the evaluation of ethnic differences in MS prevalence and incidence. National-level studies using current diagnostic criteria, validated case definitions and similar age- and sex-standardization would allow better geographical comparisons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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“…The mean interval between onset of first symptom and diagnosis was 4.6 years with no significant difference with gender (male 4.87, female 4.46, P = 0.82). The mean duration of disease was 17.7 years (SD 12.2), with a median duration of 14 years (IQR [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in the rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the north-east of Ireland

Gray

McDonnell

Hawkins³

2008

Mult Scler

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“…In Canada this ratio has been increasing for at least 60 years, and now surpasses 3.2:1, 6 while in Scotland a change in sex ratio from unity to more than 3:1 has taken place since the 1950s. 18 The exact cause of this increase remains unknown, but given the short duration over which this rise occurs, genetic factors can be ruled out and environmental changes would be the likely candidate, perhaps resulting from geneenvironment interactions. 6 Since HLA genes are the main genetic contributor to MS susceptibility, we hypothesized that gender-discrepant HLAassociated effects are possible.…”

Section: Hla-drb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

MHC transmission

Chao¹,

Ramagopalan²,

Herrera³

et al. 2011

Neurology

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Objective: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes dominate genetic susceptibility factors in multiple sclerosis (MS). Given the general consensus that incidence and prevalence of MS has been rising and specifically in women, we evaluated MHC-gender interactions. Methods:In a large family-based cohort consisting of 7,093 individuals (2,127 affected individuals) from 1,055 MS families, we examined MHC transmission by family structure and gender stratified by genetic distance of affected relatives from the MS proband. Conclusions: These observations implicate the MHC as the site of interactions and modifications mediating the female-to-male gender ratio in MS and its progressive increase. They further suggest this occurs via gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications in this region. ResultsThe difference between collateral and nuclear families provides some insight into the inheritance, decay, and gender specificity of putative epigenetic marks. Neurology The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear; however, several lines of evidence suggest that MS is an acquired autoimmune disease and is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. 1The main genetic contribution in MS comes from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and more specifically the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II genes.2,3 Additional epistatic interactions and suppressor effects have also been observed within this locus. 4,5 There is general consensus that the incidence and prevalence of MS has been rising with an increased penetrance among women, 6 and excess monozygotic (MZ) twins concordance for MS is almost entirely female specific.7 Moreover, there is a maternal parent-of-origin effect 8 with higher number of affected mother-daughter pairs and few father-son pairs. 9There is little known about how the MHC might interact with the observed gender bias in MS. Since HLA alleles carry the strongest genetic susceptibility factors, we reasoned that the reported gender predisposition could be MHC-mediated. 10 Here we have used a large familye-Pub ahead of print on January 5, 2011, at www.neurology.org.

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Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Glasgow

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Europe: a systematic review

Factors in the rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the north-east of Ireland

MHC transmission

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