Epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis in Venezuela: a retrospective study from 1954 to 2019

Alvarado, Primavera; Teixeira, Marcus de Melo; Cavallera, Elsy; Paes, Hugo Costa; Guerra, Giovanni; Santander, Gerardo; Merino-Alado, Rommie

doi:10.1590/0074-02760210203

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…More than 21% of the acute/subacute form cases were children aged 1-10 years. Findings in patients with the juvenile clinical form were comparable to other series [19,23,25,28]. Lymph node compromise was present in both clinical forms, but adenomegaly was more frequently (77.3%) observed in children and young people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…It is noteworthy that in our multicentric study, only 47.23% of the cases referred to exposure in a rural environment, while the rest were registered in urban or peri-urban backgrounds. In this regard, changes in the geographic and demographic patterns of the population with PCM have been reported in recent years, including the occurrence of PCM in urban areas and on the periphery of urban centers (overlapping with rural zones) [19][20][21][22][23]. In Argentina, urban and peri-urban cases were also reported in a series of infant-juvenile PCM [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates between 3-25% have been reported for the juvenile-type PCM in Latin America [9,19,23,34]. In Argentina, the acute/subacute (juvenile) form registers 14.2%, but most of these cases occur in NWA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases

Giusiano

Tracogna²,

Santiso

et al. 2023

JoF

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Information on paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) in Argentina is fragmented and has historically been based on estimates, supported only by a series of a few reported cases. Considering the lack of global information, a national multicentric study in order to carry out a more comprehensive analysis was warranted. We present a data analysis including demographic and clinical aspects of a historical series of 466 cases recorded over 10 years (2012–2021). Patients were aged from 1 to 89 years. The general male: female (M:F) ratio was 9.5:1 with significant variation according to the age group. Interestingly, the age range 21–30 shows an M:F ratio of 2:1. Most of the cases (86%) were registered in northeast Argentina (NEA), showing hyperendemic areas in Chaco province with more than 2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The chronic clinical form occurred in 85.6% of cases and the acute/subacute form occurred in 14.4% of cases, but most of these juvenile type cases occurred in northwestern Argentina (NWA). In NEA, the incidence of the chronic form was 90.6%; in NWA, the acute/subacute form exceeded 37%. Diagnosis by microscopy showed 96% positivity but antibody detection displays 17% of false negatives. Tuberculosis was the most frequent comorbidity, but a diverse spectrum of bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic, and other non-infectious comorbidities was recorded. This national multicenter registry was launched in order to better understand the current status of PCM in Argentina and shows the two endemic zones with a highly diverse epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases

Giusiano

Tracogna²,

Santiso

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…Paracoccidioides take an average of 3–6 weeks to grow on fungal culture media [ 88 , 89 , 90 ]. Nonetheless, the growth of this fungus varies in the different studies, with a sensitivity of 80 to 97% of cases [ 21 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. The results should be evaluated about 4 weeks after the cultivation of the sample at 25 °C.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Paracoccidioidomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Peçanha

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Velloso

et al. 2022

JoF

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. In the last two decades, enhanced understanding of the phylogenetic species concept and molecular variations has led to changes in this genus’ taxonomic classification. Although the impact of the new species on clinical presentation and treatment remains unclear, they can influence diagnosis when serological methods are employed. Further, although the infection is usually acquired in rural areas, the symptoms may manifest years or decades later when the patient might be living in the city or even in another country outside the endemic region. Brazil accounts for 80% of PCM cases worldwide, and its incidence is rising in the northern part of the country (Amazon region), owing to new settlements and deforestation, whereas it is decreasing in the south, owing to agriculture mechanization and urbanization. Clusters of the acute/subacute form are also emerging in areas with major human intervention and climate change. Advances in diagnostic methods (molecular and immunological techniques and biomarkers) remain scarce, and even the reference center’s diagnostics are based mainly on direct microscopic examination. Classical imaging findings in the lungs include interstitial bilateral infiltrates, and eventually, enlargement or calcification of adrenals and intraparenchymal central nervous system lesions are also present. Besides itraconazole, cotrimoxazole, and amphotericin B, new azoles may be an alternative when the previous ones are not tolerated, although few studies have investigated their use in treating PCM.

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“…This disease is more prevalent in adult men who perform agricultural activities. Currently, there is an increasing number of cases in urban areas with a greater representation in females [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis differential diagnosis: case series

Martins¹,

Silva²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2023

BJCR

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Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected disease and the most important systemic mycosis in Latin America. This fungal infection is directly linked to activities related to the rural environment, such as agriculture. Despite being a frequently diagnosed disease in Brazil, the real rates of prevalence and incidence are not estimated due to the non-mandatory notification of the disease, which was recently implemented in 2020. We report three interesting cases of Paracoccidioidomycosis in immunocompetent adults, with varied clinical manifestations.

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Epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis in Venezuela: a retrospective study from 1954 to 2019

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases

Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases

Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Paracoccidioidomycosis differential diagnosis: case series

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