Epidemiology of Pedestrian–Motor Vehicle Fatalities and Injuries, 2006–2015

Chong, Shu-Ling; Chiang, Li-Wei; Allen, John C.; Fleegler, Eric W.; Lee, Lois K.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.005

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The patients were typically seen in clinic after discharge from the hospital and in patients with ligamentous knee injuries that resulted in knee instability, ligamentous reconstruction was performed as early as possible, as has been suggested by Levy et al [17] Discussion Pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents represent a high-energy mechanism that is common in urban areas and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality [1,18]. Over a 10 year period (2006-2015) Chong et al showed there were 47,789 deaths and 674,414 injuries [18]. Peng et al reviewed 5000 pedestrians injured over a 3 year period by accessing a county database [1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents

Steinmetz

McDonald

Tkach

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of ligamentous knee injuries and to compare patient demographics, associated injuries and hospital stay to pedestrians who did not sustain a ligamentous knee injury. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients presenting as pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle to a level 1 trauma center over a three-year period was performed. Demographics, length of stay, orthopedic and nonorthopedic traumatic injuries were recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed for ligamentous, bony and chondral injuries. Results: Five hundred thirty-nine patients were included. Sixty-seven (12.4%) patients sustained a total of 84 ligamentous knee injuries. OF these knee injuries that had MRI (55/84), the majority (96%) were multiligamentous in nature. Patients with ligamentous knee injury were more likely to also be affected by traumatic brain injury, solid organ injury, cervical and lumbar spine injury, pelvic ring injuries, distal femur fractures, patella fractures, knee dislocations, tibial plateau fractures, tibial pilon fractures, and deep vein thrombosis when compared to patients who did not sustain ligamentous knee injury. Patients who sustained ligamentous knee injury were more likely to require hospital and intensive care admission and had a longer overall hospital stay. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in this patient population, these patients should be thoroughly evaluated for a ligamentous knee injury. If ligamentous knee injury is suspected, MRI should be considered as a majority of these injuries involved multiple structures. Patients with ligamentous knee injuries often had multi-system injuries with resulting longer hospital stay when compared to those without ligamentous knee injuries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents

Steinmetz

McDonald

Tkach

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, the WHO reports included limited available variables. There are individual important factors missing, such as pedestrian behavior [5,26], educational level, gender, age, alcohol use [7,27,28], use of visibility aids at night [29], and pedestrian friendly vehicles pumpers [30,31]. Nevertheless, this is a global study on country levels and not individual levels and these factors are difficult to quantify on this level.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walking is a common cheap transportation method in developing countries having health benefits [5]. Nevertheless, pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users [6,7]. The increased number of vehicles combined with low pedestrian safety increases the risk of pedestrian injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of pedestrian death rates: a missed global target

2020

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Background: The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by half by year 2020. We aimed to study risk factors affecting global pedestrian death rates overtime, and whether the defined target of its reduction by WHO has been achieved. Methods: The studied variables were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2010-2018. These covered years 2007-2016 and included the estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 population, policies to promote walking and cycling, enforcement levels of national speed limits, the gross national income per capita and the vehicle/person ratio in each country. A mixed linear model was performed to define the factors affecting the change of pedestrian death rates overtime. Results: Global pedestrian mortality decreased by 28% over 10 years. This was significant between years 2007 and 2010 (p = 0.034), between years 2013 and 2016 (p = 0.002) but not between 2010 and 2013 (p = 0.06). Factors that reduced pedestrian death rates included time (p < 0.0001), GNI (p < 0.0001), and vehicle/person ratio (p < 0.0001). There was a significant drop overtime in both the middle-income, and high-income countries (p < 0.0001, Friedman test), but not in the low-income countries (p = 0.35, Friedman test). Conclusions: Global pedestrian mortality has dropped by 28% over a recent decade, which is less than the 50% targeted reduction. This was mainly driven by improved GNI and using more vehicles. The economical gap between poor and rich countries has a major impact on pedestrian death rates.

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“…Chile's rapidly aging population has meant that, during the first half of the 2010 decade, the proportion of elderly with valid driving license increased by 20 percent [11]. Although studies have shown that seniors are at increased risk of adverse outcomes after road injuries [12][13], no road safety plan specifically aimed at this population exist in Chile, and there is limited international evidence for a reduction of crash rates because of road safety awareness programs [14] or fitness to drive screening in the elderly [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe mobility, socioeconomic inequalities, and aging: A 12-year multilevel interrupted time-series analysis of road traffic death rates in a Latin American country

Contreras

Moreno

2020

PLoS ONE

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As the resources for road safety in developing countries are scarce and unevenly distributed, vulnerable road users-such as the elderly-may be particularly at risk of road traffic deaths. To date, the impact of road safety measures over the rate of road traffic deaths in older adults (60 years or older), considering the within-country socioeconomic inequalities, has not been explored in developing nations. This study takes the Chilean case as an example-with its 2005 traffic law reform as one of the road safety measures investigated-, in which open data available from official national sources for all its 13 regions over the 2002-2013 period were used for a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis. A statistically significant secular reduction of the rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly population was found (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.99), but no evidence for a significant intercept or slope change after the traffic law reform was observed. Regions with the highest number of traffic offenses prosecuted in local police courts had lower rates of road traffic deaths in older adults (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), and those regions in the third (IRR 1.61, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25) and the fifth (IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.54) quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation had higher rates of road traffic deaths in the elderly. Such findings strongly support the conceptualization of the road safety of seniors in developing countries as a social equity issue, with implications for the design of traffic regulations and road environments.

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Epidemiology of Pedestrian–Motor Vehicle Fatalities and Injuries, 2006–2015

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents

Prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents

Reduction of pedestrian death rates: a missed global target

Safe mobility, socioeconomic inequalities, and aging: A 12-year multilevel interrupted time-series analysis of road traffic death rates in a Latin American country

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