Epidemiology of rabies in skunks in Texas

Oertli, Ernest H.; Wilson, Pamela J.; Hunt, P.; Sidwa, Thomas J.; Rohde, Rodney E.

doi:10.2460/javma.234.5.616

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In our study per 7 years of the data showed that animal bite were commoner with adult age group (>15 years age group) as they are considered to be the most agile group. Study conducted by Shelton K [4] and Oertli et al [13] similar finding were reported..…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Animal Bite Cases in Western Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Study 2009-2015

Singh¹,

Uppadhaya²,

Bhansali³

et al. 2016

SAJB

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Animal bites in humans are an important public health problem. Most of these bites are dog bites. Dog bites in humans are a complex problem embracing public health and animal welfare, both in developed and developing nations. In order to estimate the magnitude of the problem and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of dog bite victims registered in Anti Rabies Clinic of Dr. S.N. medical college, Jodhpur regarding their age, sex, number of registered dog bite victims per month and year along the studied period (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) and also to sniff out any seasonal variation in dog bite attacks. The present study was carried out by detailed examination of the records of animal bite patients who had attended the Anti Rabies Clinic of M. G. Hospital attached to Dr S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur for medical advice and post exposure immunization against rabies during last seven year period from January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015. The data compiled in Microsoft excel 2010 were further analysed using SPSS version 21. The total number of registered animal bite victims per 7 years of the study was equal to 38561, distributed as (29,844 males and 8714 females), with male to female ratio equal to 3.5:1. The studied epidemiological characteristics showed that highest total number of registered dog bite victims during the year (2012). The persistence of dog bite as public health problem in Jodhpur district.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Animal Bite Cases in Western Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Study 2009-2015

Singh¹,

Uppadhaya²,

Bhansali³

et al. 2016

SAJB

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“…Moreover, circulation areas of the lineages had only limited overlaps, although we could not identify any obvious natural barriers restricting virus spread (Figure 1). Local perpetuation of RABV is also supported by surveillance records which describe outbreaks of skunk rabies as limited foci with increased disease incidence but irregular local geographic spread [6,43,44]. Ecological studies demonstrated that skunks reach higher concentrations and live more sedentarily in proximity to humans, where they can find a variety of food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, no SCSK isolates from Mexico are available in GenBank and our archives. Moreover, surveillance records indicate that SCSK has been absent in southern Texas along the Mexican border for many years [2,43]. These observations suggest that arid landscapes of this area and the Rio Grande River represent barriers for virus spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeography and Spatiotemporal Spread of South-Central Skunk Rabies Virus

et al. 2013

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The south-central skunk rabies virus (SCSK) is the most broadly distributed terrestrial viral lineage in North America. Skunk rabies has not been efficiently targeted by oral vaccination campaigns and represents a natural system of pathogen invasion, yielding insights to rabies emergence. In the present study we reconstructed spatiotemporal spread of SCSK in the whole territory of its circulation using a combination of Bayesian methods. The analysis based on 241 glycoprotein gene sequences demonstrated that SCSK is much more divergent phylogenetically than was appreciated previously. According to our analyses the SCSK originated in the territory of Texas ~170 years ago, and spread geographically during the following decades. The wavefront velocity in the northward direction was significantly greater than in the eastward and westward directions. Rivers (except the Mississippi River and Rio Grande River) did not constitute significant barriers for epizootic spread, in contrast to deserts and mountains. The mean dispersal rate of skunk rabies was lower than that of the raccoon and fox rabies. Viral lineages circulate in their areas with limited evidence of geographic spread during decades. However, spatiotemporal reconstruction shows that after a long period of stability the dispersal rate and wavefront velocity of SCSK are increasing. Our results indicate that there is a need to develop control measures for SCSK, and suggest how such measure can be implemented most efficiently. Our approach can be extrapolated to other rabies reservoirs and used as a tool for investigation of epizootic patterns and planning interventions towards disease elimination.

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“…Pre-exposure prophylaxis does not eliminate the need for medical care following a potential rabies exposure, but simplifies the protocol and eliminates the need for administration of human rabies immune globulin. 10 …”

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confidence: 99%

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2013

Dyer¹,

Yager²,

Orciari³

et al. 2014

javma

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Summary During 2013, 53 reporting jurisdictions reported 5,865 rabid animals and 3 human rabies cases to the CDC, representing a 4.8% decrease from the 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human case reported in 2012. Ninety-two percent of reported rabid animals were wildlife. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,898 raccoons (32.4%), 1,598 bats (27.2%), 1,447 skunks (24.7%), 344 foxes (5.9%), 247 cats (4.2%), 86 cattle (1.5%), and 89 dogs (1.5%). One human case was reported from Maryland. The infection was determined to have been transmitted via organ transplantation. Infection in the organ donor, a North Carolina resident, was retrospectively diagnosed. Both the organ donor and the organ recipient were infected with the raccoon rabies virus variant. The third human case, reported by Texas, involved a Guatemalan resident who was detained while crossing the US border. The infection was determined to be caused by a canine rabies virus variant that circulates in Central America.

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Epidemiology of rabies in skunks in Texas

Abstract: Information on the epidemiology of rabies in skunks may be useful in planning and implementing local, state, and national rabies control and prevention campaigns.

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Animal Bite Cases in Western Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Study 2009-2015

Animal Bite Cases in Western Rajasthan, India: A Retrospective Study 2009-2015

The Phylogeography and Spatiotemporal Spread of South-Central Skunk Rabies Virus

Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2013

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