Epidemiology of stone disease across the world

Sorokin, Igor; Mamoulakis, Charalampos; Miyazawa, Katsuhito; Rodgers, Allen L.; Talati, Jamsheer; Lotan, Yair

doi:10.1007/s00345-017-2008-6

Cited by 721 publications

(521 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…2,3 Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract, exceeded only by UTI and pathological conditions of prostate. …”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of urethral calculi

Ameen¹,

Kegham²,

Abid³

2017

Int Surg J

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INTRODUCTIONUrolithiasis represents a major problem met within urological practice.1 it affects 10-12% of the populations, the incidence of calculus diseases is quite variable in relation to age, sex, occupation, geographical locations, season, climate, social class, dietary fluid intake and racial differences are also noted (black people appears to suffer less frequently than white). 2,3 Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract, exceeded only by UTI and pathological conditions of prostate. 3Renal and ureteral calculi account for more than 87% of the total calculi and 10% in the urinary bladder while ureteral calculi account for about 1.7-3% of all urinary calculi. 5-7Male urethra about 20 cm in length and extends from the neck of the bladder to the external meatus on the glans penis, Male urethra is divided into posterior and anterior urethra, posterior urethra is further divided into 3 parts:• Preprostatic portion; measure up to 1 cm in length and it runs from the bladder neck to the prostate ABSTRACT Background: To evaluate the presentation, management and outcome of patient with urethral calculi in addition to determine the most common type of calculi encountered in those patients and the chemical composition of those calculi to prevent their recurrence. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with urethral calculi, 63 males and six females were included in this study at AlYarmouk teaching hospital, Bagdad, Iraq from April 2016 to April 2017. The diagnosis of urethral calculi was based mainly on the clinical presentation and cystoscopy evaluation in addition to the history, examination and investigations.Results: All together Sixty-nine patients were recruited in this study [63 male (91.3%) and 6 females (8.6%)], regarding sex distributions of patients the largest number of patients with urethral calculi were found in male between 21-40 years old, the most common presenting symptom was dysuria (60.8%), the presentation of pediatric urethral calculi was different (any suspicion of urethral mass on palpation gave high index of suspicion of urethral calculi). Conclusions: Nephrolithiasis especially renal calculi represent a widespread problem, recurrent UTI is one of the leading risk factor in urinary calculi and should be vigorously treated and any case should be in investigated carefully and chemically analysed to prevent further attacks and recurrence in future. Unbalanced diet with poor hygiene especially for the urethral calculi plays an additional role in the pathogenesis of urethra calculi.

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“…2,3 Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract, exceeded only by UTI and pathological conditions of prostate. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of urethral calculi

Ameen¹,

Kegham²,

Abid³

2017

Int Surg J

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“…In Germany, data in 2001 show stone prevalence of 4.7% in men and 4.0% in women [133]. The highest lifetime prevalence of 20% is reported in Saudi Arabia, a country with desert climate [130]. In Thailand, UL is endemic in the northeastern region, and the disease rate examined by abdominal ultrasound in 1997 is of 16.9% [134].…”

Section: Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime risk of stone formation in the USA is over 12 and 6% in men and women, respectively [129]. In Japan, the lifetime prevalence is of 15.1% in men and 6.8% in women [130,131]. Overall kidney stone prevalence in Europe is ranged between 5% and 10% [132].…”

Section: Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Urolithiasis

Boonla¹

2018

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Living Cells

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Oxygen is absolutely essential for the survival of our life. However, metabolic consumption of oxygen inevitably yields reactive oxygen species (ROS). Imbalance of ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes oxidative stress that potentially damages biomolecules leading to cell injury and death. In fact, ROS have two-faceted functions. Under physiologic condition, ROS function as signaling molecules and participate in maintaining redox balance. In pathology, ROS induce oxidative stress that critically involves in the development of several diseases including urolithiasis (UL). UL or urinary stone disease is a common urologic condition in all countries with progressively increasing prevalence. Most of UL are multifactorial with polygenic susceptibility and highly recurrent nature. Formation of urinary stones is driven by supersaturation of urinary lithogenic ions, and calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most prevalent stone type. Oxidative stress clearly plays an active role in UL development. In vitro, lithogenic crystals induce ROS generation in renal tubular cells leading to oxidative stress, cell injury and release of inflammatory mediators. In nephrolithic rats, oxidative stress and CaOx deposit are gradually increased in the rats' kidneys. Intervention with antioxidants efficiently reduces oxidative damage and crystal deposits. Human studies show that patients with UL have increased oxidative stress and renal tubular injury relative to the non-stone-forming individuals. Increased oxidative lesions and inflammation are observed in the stone-containing kidneys of the patients. Furthermore, renal fibrosis mediated through tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition is observed in kidneys of stone patients. Increased renal fibrosis is significantly associated with decreased kidney function. From therapeutic point of view, nutraceutical regimens that are able to reduce oxidative stress may be clinically useful alternatives for preventing stone formation and recurrence. This chapter has an intention to provide a basic knowledge of ROS generation and oxidative stress and up-to-date research findings of oxidative stress in UL based on the published articles as well as the author's studies.

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“…The incidence of kidney stones has been increasing over the years (1). What's more, the incidence rate of kidney stone disease increases with aging (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy with PolyScope for senile patients with renal calculi

Ding

Shi

et al. 2018

Exp Ther Med

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The present study reported the clinical experience of using a PolyScope with holmium laser lithotripter in managing renal calculi in senile patients. Between December 2013 and December 2016, 157 senile patients (69.1±6.1 years old) were treated with PolyScope holmium laser lithotripsy for renal calculi at Xin Hua Hospital (Shanghai, China). The mean stone digitized surface area was 154.2±57.7 mm2 (range, 55.8–478.3 mm2). A thorough medical history investigation, and laboratory and radiological examination were followed by proper preoperative management. The PolyScope was then passed into the renal cavities following the position of the ureteral access sheath, with laser energy maintained at 1.0–2.0 J, frequency 10–15 Hz. The demographical and operative information of senile patients were compared with that of the 332 non-senile patients operated at the same period time. The average operative time was 54.6±13.2 min (range, 37–124 min). No major complications, including ureteral perforation or sepsis were encountered. The single session stone-free rate (SFR) was 81.5% and the overall SFR was 89.2%, similar to that of the non-senile group. PolyScope combined with holmium laser lithotripter is safe and effective in managing renal calculi in senile patients compared with non-senile patients, with considerately high SFRs and low complication rates.

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Epidemiology of stone disease across the world

Cited by 721 publications

References 147 publications

Evaluation and management of urethral calculi

Evaluation and management of urethral calculi

Oxidative Stress in Urolithiasis

Flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy with PolyScope for senile patients with renal calculi

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