Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Hamburg, Germany: Long-Term Population-Based Analysis Applying Classical and Molecular Epidemiological Techniques

Diel, Roland; Schneider, Steffen; Meywald-Walter, Karen; Ruf, C; Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine; Niemann, Stefan

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.2.532-539.2002

Cited by 110 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is partly explained by the difference in age. Young age was an expected risk factor that has also been found in other studies [5,11]. A young person has a lower probability than an older person of being infected previously, due to the substantial decline in the risk of being infected within Norway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…In Norway, this proportion was 17% in the period 1994-1998 [3,4], while much higher proportions (47-49%) were found in the Netherlands [5], Denmark [6], New York City, NY, USA [7] and the USA (sentinel surveillance study) [8]. Equally low levels were found in Zurich, Switzerland [9], and Vancouver, Canada [10], while the levels were intermediate (32-34%) in Hamburg, Germany [11], and western Canada [12]. The reasons for these differences have not been not well explained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is widely interpreted as indicating recent infection [5,[9][10][11]. Risk factors have varied between studies and have included: drug abuse, alcoholism, homelessness, urban residence, male sex, young age, being foreign born, long-term residence in the country and pulmonary tuberculosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Heldal¹,

Dahle²,

Sandven³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent decades, the decline of tuberculosis has stopped in Western Europe, mainly due to increased immigration from high-prevalence countries. The objective of the current study was to identify risk factors for developing tuberculosis following recent infection, in order to better target interventions.Strains from 861 culture-positive cases, diagnosed in Norway in 1994-1999, were analysed by use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A cluster was defined as two or more isolates with identical RFLP patterns. Risk factors for being part of a cluster were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.A total of 134 patients were part of a cluster. These constituted 5% Asian-born, 18% Norwegian-born, 24% European-born and 29% African-born patients. Four independent risk factors for being part of a cluster were identified: being born in Norway, being of young age, being infected with an isoniazid-resistant strain and being infected with a multidrug-resistant strain.Transmission of tuberculosis may be further reduced by improving case management, contact tracing, preventive treatment, screening of immigrants and access to health services for the foreign-born population. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 637-642.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Heldal¹,

Dahle²,

Sandven³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among all patients, ,40% were grouped into clusters based on identical fingerprint patterns of the respective isolates. The size of the restriction fragment length polymorphism clusters ranged from two to 45 isolates; however, the majority of clusters comprise just two isolates [22,23]. The particular strain involved in the contact investigation in Eutin has caused an outbreak comprising five patients in the study period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding the effect of BCG vaccination in detectingMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection with a blood test

Diel

Ernst²,

Döscher³

et al. 2006

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can confound tuberculin skin test (TST) reactions in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).The TST was compared with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay during an outbreak of MTB infection at a police academy in Germany.Participants were grouped according to their risk of LTBI in close (n536) or occasional (n5333) contacts to the index case. For the TST, the positive response rate was 53% (19 out of 36) among close and 16% (52 out of 333) among occasional contacts. In total, 56 TST-positive contacts (56 out of 71578.9%) and 27 TST-negative controls (27 out of 29859.1%) underwent ELISPOT testing. The odds ratio (OR) of a positive test result across the two groups was 29.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-245.0) for the for the TST with a 5 mm cutoff. Of 369 contacts, 158 (42.8%) had previously received BCG vaccination. The overall agreement between the TST and the ELISPOT was low, and positive TST reactions were confounded by BCG vaccination (OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.3-18.0)). In contrast, use of a 10-mm induration cut-off for the TST among occasional contacts showed strong agreement between TST and ELISPOT in nonvaccinated persons.In bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated individuals, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay is a better indicator for the risk of latent tuberculosis infection than the tuberculin skin test.KEYWORDS: Contact tracing, early secretory antigenic target 6, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, interferon-c, latent tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis A pproximately one-third of mankind is currently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), causing significant morbidity and mortality with .2 million deaths?yr -1 [1]. Tuberculosis (TB) control programmes aim to decrease the incidence of TB by interruption of the transmission of MTB. Contact tracing and treatment of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) are the key components of TB control programmes. In addition, other important key components of TB control are the improvement of case finding among persons presenting with symptoms of TB, especially in HIV-infected individuals, by providing better access to quality-assured TB sputum microscopy as well as the Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course strategy in TB treatment. The latter achieves higher cure rates by an uninterrupted supply of antituberculotic drugs in a standardised short-course chemotherapy under direct observation [2].By applying classical epidemiological and molecular strain-typing techniques, population-based studies have recently revealed a high frequency of transmission of MTB, even in countries with a low TB incidence [3][4][5][6][7]. The tuberculin skin test (TST) introduced by Mantoux has been widely used as a screening test to identify individuals with LTBI. In screening for LTBI, the predictive value of a positive TST result (positive predictive value (PPV)) is the probability that a contact with a positive TST result is tru...

show abstract

“…Hence, MTB isolates with identical fingerprinting pattern show a probable recent transmission. 10 The province of East Azerbaijan is in Northwest of Iran and neighbor with Republic of Azerbaijan. Based report of World Health Organization (WHO), Republic of Azerbaijan is one of high TB and multi drug resistance-TB (MDR-TB) burden countries.…”

Section: Acir/jarcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Azeri patients in transmission of tuberculosis to East Azerbaijan, Iran

Asgharzadeh¹,

Kafil²,

Pourostadi³

et al. 2015

J Anal Res Clin Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) among of infectious diseases is the second leading cause of death in worldwide and about a third to a half of people in the world is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). 1 The estimated rate of new TB cases in the world were 8.6 million in 2012 and 1.3 million deaths. 2 Human populations travel have a key role in the spread of disease. Transmission of TB in resulting of human migration has had a major effect on the spread of TB to uninfected groups. 3 The important subject in the transmission of TB is travel from high incidence countries to low incidence countries. 4 The resurgence of TB likely have been related to the increase of human mobility, remove of TB control programs, the appearance of drug-resistant strains of MTB, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and poverty. 5 We need to understand about the spread of TB inside and across the borders of the country to design a suitable program for TB control. Progress in molecular biology has provided powerful methods for typing and detection MTB in epidemiological studies. 6 The IS6110 is an insertion sequence that belongs to IS3 family. IS6110 commonly used for detection of MTB, 7 epidemiological studies 8 and recent transmission. 9 In IS6110-restriction ac.ir/JARCMHuman migration can transmit infectious disease like tuberculosis (TB) to recipient countries. The IS6110 is an insertion sequence used for strain differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), epidemiological studies, and recent transmission. In this study, our aim was to investigate transmission TB from the Republic of Azerbaijan to Iran people.Totally 119 isolates of MTB were collected from 14 patients from Republic of Azerbaijan and 105 patients from East Azerbaijan, Iran who referred to TB centers of the province. Isolates were analyzed by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing. Isolates with identical RFLP patterns were considered a cluster.93 distinct IS6110-RFLP patterns were revealed. 81 of these patterns were unique, and 12 were shared by 2-8 strains. 38 strains (31.9%) belonged to one of 12 clusters that were found among the total of 119 strains. One of these 12 clusters contained two Iranian patients with one Azeri patient.Finding of the present study indicates that Azeri TB patients refer to TB centers of the province for treatment can transmit TB to East Azerbaijan people. Therefore, it needs to design a suitable program for TB control and decrease transmission of TB between these two countries.

show abstract

Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Hamburg, Germany: Long-Term Population-Based Analysis Applying Classical and Molecular Epidemiological Techniques

Cited by 110 publications

References 26 publications

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Risk factors for recent transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

Avoiding the effect of BCG vaccination in detectingMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection with a blood test

The role of Azeri patients in transmission of tuberculosis to East Azerbaijan, Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About