Epidemiology, prevalence, and associated factors of oral candidiasis in HIV patients from southwest Iran in post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Erfaninejad, Maryam; Mahmoudabadi, Ali Zarei; Maraghi, Elham; Hashemzadeh, Mohammad; Fatahinia, Mahnaz

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.983348

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Oral candidiasis is one of the most common manifestations of HIV infection. Its clinical forms, which could be acute or chronic, are classified into [6][7][8][9]:…”

Section: Classification Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some fungal infections are superficial, cutaneous and/or mucous membranes, and generally benign. Fungal secondary infections can reveal the HIV infection by their unexpected occurrence, their resistance to treatment, or recurrence [6].…”

Section: Clinical Signs Of Different Forms Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candida albicans is responsible for almost all cases of oral candidiasis [8]. The diagnosis of candidiasis of the oral mucosa should be made after a clinical stage, and an equally essential mycological stage [6].…”

Section: Clinical Signs Of Different Forms Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candida albicans in the form of spore, or more rarely in the form of filaments, is a part of the normal oral flora; hence it should be emphasized that the presence of candida in the mouth does not have any pathological value. In addition, to make the diagnosis of candidiasis, there must be a large number of colonies (in cultivation) or filaments (on smears) [6,12,13]. Therefore, one of the primary techniques for identifying a fungal infection is culture.…”

Section: Mycological Examination Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral candidiasis is the lesion that is most frequently encountered in HIV-infected individuals [5][6][7]. Schiødt and Pindborg (1987) observed that 35% of HIV-positive patients and 75% of those with proven AIDS have signs of oral candidiasis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Berbéri

Dib

2023

JAMMR

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Oral cavity is one of the manifestations that results from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Some of these lesions are suggestive whilst others are specific. However, the oral candidiasis that was observed during HIV infection is specific in terms of its severity and resistance to the usual treatment. Therefore, it is important for all practitioners to know it well in order to be able to make the diagnosis and propose an adequate treatment. During HIV infection, 95% of HIV-positive people have one or more lesions in the oral cavity during their illness. Moreover, oral candidiasis is classified among these lesions. We will describe the different types of candidiasis and their treatment.

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“…Oral candidiasis is one of the most common manifestations of HIV infection. Its clinical forms, which could be acute or chronic, are classified into [6][7][8][9]:…”

Section: Classification Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Signs Of Different Forms Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Signs Of Different Forms Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycological Examination Of Oral Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Berbéri

Dib

2023

JAMMR

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Characteristics of Candida albicans Derived From HIV‐Positive Individuals With Oral Candidiasis: Genotyping, Phenotypic Variation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation

Erfaninejad,

Mahmoudabadi,

Hashemzadeh

et al. 2024

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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BackgroundOral candidiasis (OC) is one of the most common mucosal infections in those afflicted with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to provide detailed information on the phenotype, genotype, antifungal susceptibility, and biofilm formation ability of oral Candida albicans isolated from HIV‐infected patients with OC.MethodsA total of 25 C. albicans isolates were collected from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients referred to Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The antifungal susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI M27 guideline (fourth edition). The crystal violet method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of isolates. Different phenotypes were identified on yeast extract‐peptone‐dextrose agar medium supplemented with phloxine B. Genotyping analysis of the isolates was performed using high‐resolution melting (HRM) assays and ABC genotyping.ResultsThe highest and lowest susceptibility of the C. albicans isolates was found for fluconazole 24 (96%) and ITC 18 (72%), respectively. Forty‐eight percent of the isolates had high biofilm formation ability and exhibited gray cell type. The most common genotype was genotype B (52%). HRM analysis of HIS3, EF3, and CDC3 markers showed three, four, and five different groups, respectively.ConclusionInvestigating the phenotype, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm formation ability of the C. albicans isolates obtained from oral lesions of HIV‐infected patients revealed that the dominant genotypes in the current research could cause more serious infections from the oral source. We recommend further research with a larger sample size to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. albicans among HIV patients in Iran.

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In vitro activity of Western Australian honeys and Manuka honey against clinically important yeasts

Haines,

Xi,

Green

et al. 2024

Yeast

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With the steady rise in antifungal resistance amongst clinically important yeasts, antifungal drug discovery remains of the utmost importance. To determine the potential of some honeys as alternative antifungal agents, we quantified the antifungal activity of 12 Western Australian honey samples, two Manuka honey samples and an artificial honey against 10 yeast isolates including clinical and reference strains. Results showed that the tested honeys varied in activity, and yeasts species also differed in susceptibility, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined by broth microdilution ranging from 8% to >44% w/v honey. Honeys with the highest overall activity were derived from Blackbutt (Eucalyptus patens), Jarrah (E. marginata), and Karri (E. diversicolor). The optical density of each MIC microtitre plate was determined after incubation and showed that at relatively low concentrations of honey the growth of all yeasts was enhanced compared to the untreated control, whereas at and above approximately 12% w/v, honeys exerted a dose‐dependent growth inhibitory effect, the extent of which varied by honey type. Time‐kill studies with 64% w/v honey showed that all eight of the natural honeys tested had greater fungicidal activity than the comparator artificial honey. Our findings suggest that the specific nectar‐derived phytochemicals present within each honey play an important role in antifungal activity, and support the notion that activity is due to a combination of factors including osmotic activity, hydrogen peroxide and phytochemical compounds. These data indicate that honey is worthy of further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for superficial yeast infections.

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Epidemiology, prevalence, and associated factors of oral candidiasis in HIV patients from southwest Iran in post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Characteristics of Candida albicans Derived From HIV‐Positive Individuals With Oral Candidiasis: Genotyping, Phenotypic Variation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation

In vitro activity of Western Australian honeys and Manuka honey against clinically important yeasts

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