Epidermal Electronics with Advanced Capabilities in Near-Field Communication

Kim, Jeonghyun; Banks, Anthony; Cheng, Huanyu; Xie, Zhaoqian; Xu, Sheng; Jang, Kyung In; Lee, Jung Woo; Liu, Zhuangjian; Gutruf, Philipp; Huang, Xian; Wei, Pinghung; Liu, Fei; Li, Kan; Dalal, Mitul; Ghaffari, Roozbeh; Feng, Xue; Huang, Y.; Gupta, Sanjay; Paik, Ungyu; Li, Jinghua

doi:10.1002/smll.201402495

Cited by 240 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These changes in performance are caused by the deformation of the shape in the coil antenna, consistent with behaviors in circular copper antenna structures. 25,40 However, these characteristics do not have significant adverse effects on the operation of the wireless strain sensor using NFC, since the integrated NFC chip has a constant output voltage of 3.4 V. Only signals related to the resistance change (ΔR) of the sensor caused by the external strain loading are transmitted to the external reader as meaningful data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of a strain sensor, when wireless transmission functions, including power and data transfer, are not incorporated, a hard wire connection is required with an external measuring device, which degrades the durability of the device and significantly limits the user's activity when worn. Recent work demonstrates various wireless chemical and biological sensor systems with Bluetooth 23,24 and near-field-communication (NFC) [25][26][27] capabilities, the latter of which can also be operated in a battery-free mode via power harvesting. However, previously reported liquid metal-based antennas tend to be unsuitable for skin-attachable applications in terms of size or thickness, mostly because of limitations in the injection method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

et al. 2017

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This paper introduces a liquid-metal integrated system that combines soft electronics materials and engineering designs with advanced near-field-communication (NFC) functionality for human motion sensing. All of the active components, that is, strain sensor, antenna and interconnections, in this device are made of liquid metal, and the device has unique gel-like characteristics and stretchability. Patterning procedures based on selective wetting properties of the reduced GaInSn enable a skin-attachable, miniaturized layout, in which the diameter of the device is less than 2 cm. Electromechanical characterization of the strain sensor and antenna reveals their behaviors under large uniaxial tensile and compressive strains, as well as more complex modes of deformation. Demonstrations of these devices involve their use in monitoring various human motions in a purely wireless fashion; examples include wrist flexion, movements of the vocal cord and finger motion. This simple platform has potential for use in human-machine interfaces for prosthetic control and other applications. NPG Asia Materials (2017) 9, e443; doi:10.1038/am.2017.189; published online 27 October 2017 INTRODUCTION Skin-mounted, deformable devices capable of sensing various signals such as strain, pressure and temperature can be used in a variety of applications ranging from health monitoring systems and personal diagnostics to human-machine interfaces. 1 Advanced concepts in stretchable materials and mechanics principles form the basis for devices that can gently laminate onto the soft and curvilinear surfaces of human skin or conformally wrap onto internal organs of the body. 2-5 Gallium-based liquid metals are highly suitable candidates for such applications due to their unlimited deformability while maintaining excellent metallic conductivity. The use of gallium-based liquid-metal alloys confined in elastomeric enclosures provides intrinsically stretchable properties that maintain bulk electrical conductivity with high stretchability. 6 Additionally, unlike mercury, gallium is safe to use in ambient environment due to its low vapor pressure. 7,8 By taking full advantage of the deformability and nontoxicity of the liquid metal, many research groups have utilized liquid metal for wearable

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

et al. 2017

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] These novel epidermal devices contain soft, conformal sensors and associated circuits embedded in ultrathin encapsulating layers that achieve intimate skin coupling. 25,34 Here, we present a highly flexible epidermal design and clinical implementation of a novel ECG and heart rate logging wearable sensor, henceforth referred to as "WiSP", which is low cost, light-weight (1.2 g), and capable of energy harvesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly flexible, wearable, and disposable cardiac biosensors for remote and ambulatory monitoring

Lee¹,

Wright³

et al. 2018

npj Digital Med

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174

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Contemporary cardiac and heart rate monitoring devices capture physiological signals using optical and electrode-based sensors. However, these devices generally lack the form factor and mechanical flexibility necessary for use in ambulatory and home environments. Here, we report an ultrathin (~1 mm average thickness) and highly flexible wearable cardiac sensor (WiSP) designed to be minimal in cost (disposable), light weight (1.2 g), water resistant, and capable of wireless energy harvesting. Theoretical analyses of system-level bending mechanics show the advantages of WiSP's flexible electronics, soft encapsulation layers and bioadhesives, enabling intimate skin coupling. A clinical feasibility study conducted in atrial fibrillation patients demonstrates that the WiSP device effectively measures cardiac signals matching the Holter monitor, and is more comfortable. WiSP's physical attributes and performance results demonstrate its utility for monitoring cardiac signals during daily activity, exertion and sleep, with implications for home-based care.

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“…74 Power source has long been a challenge for electronics, particularly for portable and wearable devices. Near-filed communication 75 is simple in design, but a short transmission distance and low efficiency limit its applications. Radial frequency has the potential for long-range energy and data transmissions, but the issue of large absorption by the tissues should be addressed.…”

Section: Functional Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable systems for multifunctional electronics

2017

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Reconfigurable systems complement the existing efforts of miniaturizing integrated circuits to provide a new direction for the development of future electronics. Such systems can integrate low dimensional materials and metamaterials to enable functional transformation from the deformation to changes in multiple physical properties, including mechanical, electric, optical, and thermal. Capable of overcoming the mismatch in geometries and forms between rigid electronics and soft tissues, bio-integrated electronics enabled by reconfigurable systems can provide continuous monitoring of physiological signals. The new opportunities also extend beyond to human-computer interfaces, diagnostic/therapeutic platforms, and soft robotics. In the development of these systems, biomimicry has been a long lasting inspiration for the novel yet simple designs and technological innovations. As interdisciplinary research becomes evident in such development, collaboration across scientists and physicians from diverse backgrounds would be highly encouraged to tackle grand challenges in this field.

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Epidermal Electronics with Advanced Capabilities in Near-Field Communication

Cited by 240 publications

References 16 publications

A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

A skin-attachable, stretchable integrated system based on liquid GaInSn for wireless human motion monitoring with multi-site sensing capabilities

Highly flexible, wearable, and disposable cardiac biosensors for remote and ambulatory monitoring

Reconfigurable systems for multifunctional electronics

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