Epidermal Structure Created by Canine Hair Follicle Keratinocytes Enriched with Bulge Cells in a Three‐Dimensional Skin Equivalent Model in Vitro: Implications for Regenerative Therapy of Canine Epidermis

Multifaceted role of hair follicle dermal cells in bioengineered skins

“…36 We hypothesize that incorporation of hair follicle dermal cells into skin constructs used for wound covering will result in an improved bioengineered skin, as the dermal cells will act in a supporting role for the overlying keratinocytes in addition to promoting integration and vascularization at the wound site. Previously, hair follicle outer root sheath (epithelial) or bulge stem cells have been incorporated into skin constructs, [37][38][39] and even form the basis of bioengineered epithelial sheets that have been used for clinical application. 40 However, hair follicle dermal cells are an untapped source of cells for use in living bioengineered skins and their use is potentially a stepping stone to establishing hair follicles within bioengineered skin.…”

Establishment of a 2-week canine skin organ culture model and its pharmacological modulation by epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone

“…As shown in Fig. 2 we then investigated the presence of cytoskeletal markers widely used to assess the physiological differentiation occurring in epidermis, from basal to corneal keratinocytes (Jensen et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al, 2013). K10 always stained the suprabasal keratinocytes and this is in accordance with its known feature of late differentiation marker (Bernerd et al, 1992;Borowiec et al, 2013), analogously loricrin was observed in the uppermost layer and is reported as a terminally differentiating structural protein as well as major component of the cornified envelope (Nithya et al, 2015).…”

Development and characterization of an equine skin‐equivalent model

“…The present study describes, for the first time, a successfully developed and well‐characterized ESE model comprising the two main layers of skin, an epidermal compartment and a dermal compartment, in a correctly structured form. The dermal portion, composed of a collagen matrix in which dermal fibroblasts were embedded, resembled the equine dermis structure, although like other human, canine and murine skin equivalents, it was limited by a lack of annexed structures, such as blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and other glands . The keratinocytes seeded onto the collagen biomatrix surface were able to differentiate into a full epidermis composed of the four main layers, the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, and reproduce the equine epidermis after 14 days at the air–liquid interface.…”

“…The dermal portion, composed of a collagen matrix in which dermal fibroblasts were embedded, resembled the equine dermis structure, although like other human, canine and murine skin equivalents, it was limited by a lack of annexed structures, such as blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and other glands. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]25 The keratinocytes seeded onto the collagen biomatrix surface were able to differentiate into a full epidermis composed of the four main layers, the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, and reproduce the equine epidermis after 14 days at the air-liquid interface. This model was also able to maintain a proliferative subpopulation of keratinocytes in the stratum basale, as shown by Ki67 immunostaining.…”