Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus 8: genomic sequence and comparative analysis

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 8 induces skin tumors which are at high risk for malignant conversion. The nucleotide sequence of HPV8 has been determined and compared to sequences of papillomaviruses with different oncogenic potential. The general organization of the HPV8 genome is similar to that of other types. Highly conserved, genus-specific sequences were found in open reading frames (ORFs) El, E2, and Li. In ORFs E6, E7, and L2, HPV8 is more distantly related, but it was possible to differentiate subgenera in which HPV8 belonged to the HPV1-cottontail rabbit papillomavirus group. Sequences within ORF E4 and part of ORF L2 are rather type specific. HPV8 stands out by several unique features: (i) the considerably reduced size of the noncoding region (397 base pairs), with a seemingly low potential for forming complex secondary structures; (ii) a cluster of putative promoter elements in the 3' half of ORF El; (iii) an RNA polymerase III promoter-like sequence close to the C terminus of ORF E2; and (iv) of particular interest, the homology between the putative protein encoded by ORF E4 and the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 protein, which may reflect similar mechanisms in virus-mediated transformation.

Molecular characteristics and physical state of human papilloma virus DNA change with progressing malignancy: Studies in a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis

“…Papillomavirus has been detected almost constantly in benign EV skin lesions, but rarely or never in malignant lesions (Ruiter and van Mullem, 1970;Yabe and Sadakane, 1975;Yabe et al, 1978). Several investigators have detected DNA of a few specific types of HPV in carcinomas of EV patients (Orth et al, 1980;Ostrow et al, 1982;Pfister et al, 1983;Yutsudo et al, 1985;Fuchs et al, 1986). However, reported cases are very limited in number.…”

Identification and mapping of human papillomavirus type 1 RNA transcripts recovered from plantar warts and infected epithelial cell cultures

“…Apparently virus development is closely linked to unknown aspects of epithelial cell differentiation which currently cannot be reproduced in vitro. The DNA sequences of many human and animal papillomavirus genomes have been determined (4,10,13,15,18,20,21,33,35). They possess similar genetic organization of regulatory regions and open reading frames (ORFs) that are distributed along a single transcribed strand of their genomes (Fig.…”

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Functional Role of E6 and E7 Oncoproteins as the Link between Viral Infection to Carcinogenesis

“…The late protein on the other hand forms the structural unit of capsid and encodes L1 (major) and L2 (minor) capsid proteins. [14][15][16] The LCR portion of the genome comprises of 10 % to 15 % of the whole genome and it is placed towards the E region as shown in the Figure 1. It has binding sites for several transcription factors that are important for the viral protein expression.…”