Epidural anesthesia: effective analgesia in aortoiliofemoral arteriography

Spigos, D G; Akkineni, Sudarsana Rao; Tan, Walter S.; Flanigan, D. Preston; Winnie, Alon P.

doi:10.2214/ajr.134.2.335

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…The findings are contradictory while some investigators claim that the addition of local anesthetics gives good relief of contrast medium pain (9)(10)(11)26), others find no such effect (6,17,26).…”

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confidence: 93%

Addition of Local Anesthetics to Contrast Media

Nilsson¹,

Almén²,

Golman³

et al. 1988

Acta Radiol

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The acute intravenous toxicity (i.v. LD 50 ) of solutions of the ratio 1.5 contrast media metrizoate or diatrizoate and the ratio 3.0 contrast medium metrizamide was determined in mice with and without the addition oflocal anesthetics to the solutions. The two local anesthetics mepivacaine or lidocaine were added to final concentrations up to 2.0 mg/ml of the contrast medium solutions. This corresponds to clinically used concentrations. All additions of local anesthetics to the solutions increased the mortalities caused by the contrast medium solutions. Addition of local anesthetics to a final concentration of 2 mg/ml approximately doubled the acute intravenous toxicity of the contrast media. The ratio 3 contrast media produce less hypertonic solutions than the ratio 1.5 contrast media and should be preferred for angiography because they cause less pain and do not require the addition of local anesthetics which increase the acute toxicity of the solutions.

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confidence: 93%