Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Is the Most Effective Cancer Chemopreventive Polyphenol in Green Tea

Abstract

Green tea is a popular drink consumed daily by millions of people around the world. Previous studies have shown that some polyphenol compounds from green tea possess anticancer activities. However, systemic evaluation was limited. In this study, we determined the cancer chemopreventive potentials of 10 representative polyphenols (caffeic acid, CA; gallic acid, GA; catechin, C; epicatechin, EC; gallocatechin, GC; catechin gallate, CG; gallocatechin gallate, GCG; epicatechin gallate, ECG; epigallocatechin, EGC; and epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG), and explored their structure-activity relationship. The effect of the 10 polyphenol compounds on the proliferation of HCT-116 and SW-480 human colorectal cancer cells was evaluated using an MTS assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic effects were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide (PI)/RNase or annexin V/PI. Among the 10 polyphenols, EGCG showed the most potent antiproliferative effects, and significantly induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cell apoptosis. When the relationship between chemical structure and anticancer activity was examined, C and EC did not show antiproliferative effects, and GA showed some antiproliferative effects. When C and EC esterified with GA to produce CG and ECG, the antiproliferative effects were increased significantly. A similar relationship was found between EGC and EGCG. The gallic acid group significantly enhanced catechin’s anticancer potential. This property could be utilized in future semi-synthesis of flavonoid derivatives to develop novel anticancer agents.

Novel Transdermal Ethosomal Gel Containing Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Leaves Extract: Formulation and In vitro Penetration Study

“…Green tea leaves contain polyphenols from flavonoid groups, which the type is catechin. 1 Catechin has advantages in the treatment of diseases and prevention of the damaged skin due to UV-B exposure. Moreover, it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.…”

Rohitukine inhibits in vitro adipogenesis arresting mitotic clonal expansion and improves dyslipidemia in vivo

“…Two of its analogs, Flavopiridol and P-276-00, are currently being evaluated in advanced phase 2 clinical trials for potential anticancer therapy ( 15 ). Many natural compounds like EGCG, genistein, and kaempferol, which show antiadipogenic potential, have also been found to be anticancer agents (21)(22)(23). Recently, there have been reports that establish an association between obesity and cancer (24)(25)(26).…”

An Instrument-free Detection of Antioxidant Activity Using Paper-based Analytical Devices Coated with Nanoceria

“…2,38 Major constituents of dried green tea leaves include polyphenols, including catechins and phenolic acids (such as GA), 39 which are found at approximately 30 -42% of the total dry matter. The minor components in tea are organic acids (0.5%), caffeine (3%) and amino acids (4%).…”