Epigenetic Mechanisms in Microbial Members of the Human Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Cureau, Natacha; Aljahdali, Nesreen; Vo, Nguyen; Carbonero, Franck

doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0057

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…A lack of diversity in the microbiota has been associated with dysbiosis in the gut and low-grade chronic inflammation that promotes metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes in both humans and animals [34,64,[94][95][96]. Importantly, the ecosystem of the microbiota continues to change throughout a life course and is likely to be affected by epigenetics [97]. Following, the microbiota is becoming increasingly more recognised as an influencer in epigenetic modifications that takes place throughout a life course [68].…”

Section: Global Health Epidemiology and Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impact of the Anthropocene: the complex relationship between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and human health, using obesity as an example

Austvoll

Gallo

Montag

2020

Glob. Health Epidemiol.

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The growing prevalence of obesity worldwide poses a public health challenge in the current geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Global changes caused by urbanisation, loss of biodiversity, industrialisation, and land-use are happening alongside microbiota dysbiosis and increasing obesity prevalence. How alterations of the gut microbiota are associated with obesity and the epigenetic mechanism mediating this and other health outcome associations are in the process of being unveiled. Epigenetics is emerging as a key mechanism mediating the interaction between human body and the environment in producing disease. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a role in obesity as it contributes to different mechanisms, such as metabolism, body weight and composition, inflammatory responses, insulin signalling, and energy extraction from food. Consistently, obese people tend to have a different epigenetic profile compared to non-obese. However, evidence is usually scattered and there is a growing need for a structured framework to conceptualise this complexity and to help shaping complex solutions. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyse the observed associations between the alterations of microbiota and health outcomes and the role of epigenetic mechanisms underlying them using obesity as an example, in the current context of global changes within the Anthropocene.

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Section: Global Health Epidemiology and Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impact of the Anthropocene: the complex relationship between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and human health, using obesity as an example

Austvoll

Gallo

Montag

2020

Glob. Health Epidemiol.

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“…The link between epigenetic mechanisms in the human microbiota and how it affects human disease is under intense investigation [129]. Various metabolites from the metabolically active biomass of gut microbiota can interact with the mammalian epigenetic machinery, including histone modifications and DNA methylation [130].…”

Section: Gut Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current epigenetic aspects the clinical kidney researcher should embrace

et al. 2017

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 10-12% of the world's adult population, is associated with a considerably elevated risk of serious comorbidities, in particular, premature vascular disease and death. Although a wide spectrum of causative factors has been identified and/or suggested, there is still a large gap of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms and the complexity of the CKD phenotype. Epigenetic factors, which calibrate the genetic code, are emerging as important players in the CKD-associated pathophysiology. In this article, we review some of the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications and aspects on their role in the perturbed uraemic milieu, as well as the prospect of applying epigenotype-based diagnostics and preventive and therapeutic tools of clinical relevance to CKD patients. The practical realization of such a paradigm will require that researchers apply a holistic approach, including the full spectrum of the epigenetic landscape as well as the variability between and within tissues in the uraemic milieu.

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“…The human microbiome represents a diverse ecosystem of microbes. Reports on its in uences on the immune system [1], metabolic processes [2], gene expression [3,4], and nervous system [5] have led to increased recognition of the importance of the gut microbiome in human health and disease. The relationship between the gut microbiome and nervous system as a signi cant component of the gut-brain axis has also attracted increasing interest in recent years [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propionic acid induces dendritic spine loss by MAPK/ERK signaling and dysregulation of autophagic flux

Choi

Kim

Mun

2020

Preprint

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Propionic acid (PPA) is a short-chain fatty acid that is an important mediator of cellular metabolism. It is also a by-product of human gut enterobacteria and a common food preservative. A recent study found that rats administered with PPA showed autistic-like behaviors like restricted interest, impaired social behavior, and impaired reversal in a T-maze task. This study aimed to identify a link between PPA and autism phenotypes facilitated by signaling mechanisms in hippocampal neurons. Findings indicated autism-like pathogenesis associated with reduced dendritic spines in PPA-treated hippocampal neurons. To uncover the mechanisms underlying this loss, we evaluated autophagic flux, a functional readout of autophagy, using relevant biomedical markers. Results indicated that autophagic flux is impaired in PPA-treated hippocampal neurons. At a molecular level, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was activated and autophagic activity was impaired. We also observed that a MAPK inhibitor rescued dendritic spine loss in PPA-treated hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these results suggest a previously unknown link between PPA and autophagy in spine formation regulation in hippocampal neurons via MAPK/ERK signaling. Our results indicate that MAPK/ERK signaling participates in autism pathogenesis by autophagy disruption affecting dendritic spine density. This study may help to elucidate other mechanisms underlying autism and provide a potential strategy for treating ASD-associated pathology.

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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Microbial Members of the Human Microbiota: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Cited by 15 publications

References 164 publications

Health impact of the Anthropocene: the complex relationship between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and human health, using obesity as an example

Health impact of the Anthropocene: the complex relationship between gut microbiota, epigenetics, and human health, using obesity as an example

Current epigenetic aspects the clinical kidney researcher should embrace

Propionic acid induces dendritic spine loss by MAPK/ERK signaling and dysregulation of autophagic flux

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