Epigenetic modulation at birth – altered DNA‐methylation in white blood cells after Caesarean section

Abstract

Aim: Delivery by C-section (CS) has been associated with increased risk for allergy, diabetes and leukaemia. Whereas the underlying cause is unknown, epigenetic change of the genome has been suggested as a candidate molecular mechanism for perinatal contributions to later disease risk. We hypothesized that mode of delivery affects epigenetic activity in newborn infants. Methods: A total of 37 newborn infants were included. Spontaneous vaginal delivery (VD) occurred in 21, and 16 infants were delivered by elective CS. Blood was sampled from the umbilical cord and 3-5 days after birth. DNA-methylation was analyzed in leucocytes. Results: Infants born by CS exhibited higher DNA-methylation in leucocytes compared with that of those born by VD (p < 0.001). After VD, newborn infants exhibited stable levels of DNA-methyla-

The effect of medical and operative birth interventions on child health outcomes in the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age: A linked data population‐based cohort study

“…This could have an epigenetic effect on specific genes, such as those that program immune responses, including weight regulation and metabolism. In support of an epigenetic hypothesis in this area, an association between mode of birth and DNA methylation has previously been reported 32, 33. Schlinzig et al examined 37 term babies born by elective cesarean delivery (n   =   16) or vaginal birth (n   =   21) and found a higher global measure of DNA methylation if the infant was born by cesarean delivery.…”

“…Schlinzig et al examined 37 term babies born by elective cesarean delivery (n   =   16) or vaginal birth (n   =   21) and found a higher global measure of DNA methylation if the infant was born by cesarean delivery. While there was a nonsignificant difference between vaginal birth and cesarean delivery at 3‐5 days postpartum, the pattern did not alter in the infants born vaginally but significantly decreased in infants born by cesarean delivery 33. Almgren et al32 undertook a more precise analysis, looking at DNA from hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+).…”

The increasing cesarean rate globally and what we can do about it

“…Risks in vaginal birth are perineal pain, incontinence, and nerve injury in babies (1,3,8 (22). Cesarean sections also cost a lot more (30).…”

Are cardiorespiratory complications a question of epigenetics?

“…Epigenetic mechanisms may explain the epidemiological findings. Already the mode of delivery may alter DNA methylation in infants born by cesarean section and partly explain why these children more often develop asthma and diabetes (17). Godfrey et al (18) have demonstrated that epigenetic gene promoter methylation at birth is associated with a child's later adiposity.…”