Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of microRNA expression

Morales, Sara; Monzó, Mariano; Navarro, Alfons

doi:10.1515/bmc-2017-0024

Cited by 121 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, genes (those coding for miRNAs included) are epigenetically regulated. Review of epigenetic mechanisms (such as DNA methylation and histone modification) can be found in in [44][45][46].…”

Section: Gene Expression Regulatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it useful to use several “omics” for obtaining valuable results?

et al. 2019

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The integration of cell communication and the transfer of signals from stimuli via transcription to translation and further to activation of new protein is crucial for appropriate metabolism and function of living organisms. The overall elucidation and the examination of these complex processes require multistep laboratory approaches in order to obtain results which will not only detect particular stage but also indicate the mechanisms lying upon this process. Such results will be reliable because they will cover multidirectional methods and approaches. The analysis of currently available results already provided with the conclusion that often single omics approach does not correspond with other expected information and may bring misinterpretations. That is why the integration of several "omics" is useful for searching entire explanations and answers as well as appropriate interpretation of obtained complex results. The hypothesis was stated that "from transcriptomics can not be concluded to proteomics". This review focuses on the reasons for the integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and other-omics analysis. Moreover it also describes the examples of clinical meanings and mentions some methods used in these approaches.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Section: Gene Expression Regulatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it useful to use several “omics” for obtaining valuable results?

et al. 2019

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“…Exogenous origin (xenobiotics) and chemical compounds of endogenous origin (hormones) can alter microRNA expression. Moreover, the expression of microRNA also can be regulated by methylation of the promoter . Analysis of the miRNA target sites indicated that genes with shorter 3′‐UTR usually have a lower density of miRNA binding sites and tend to be involved in basic cellular processes, whereas genes with longer 3′‐UTR usually have a higher density of miRNA‐binding sites and are primarily engaged in developmental regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the expression of microRNA also can be regulated by methylation of the promoter. [61][62][63][64] Analysis of the miRNA target sites indicated that genes with shorter 3 0 -UTR usually have a lower density of miRNA binding sites and tend to be involved in basic cellular processes, whereas genes with longer 3 0 -UTR usually have a higher density of miRNA-binding sites and are primarily engaged in developmental regulations. Three mechanisms have been described, which result in reduced binding of miRNAs to their targets.…”

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confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs play an essential role in autophagy regulation in various disease phenotypes

et al. 2019

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Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and fundamental biological process in eukaryotic cells. It recycles intracellular components to provide nutrients during starvation and maintains quality control of organelles and proteins. In addition, autophagy is a well‐organized homeostatic cellular process that is responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and intracellular pathogens. Moreover, it also modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) are a mature class of post‐transcriptional modulators that are widely expressed in tissues and organs. And, it can suppress gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs for translational repression or, at a lesser extent, degradation. Research indicates that microRNAs regulate autophagy through different pathways, playing an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. It is an important regulator of fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. In this review article, we first review the current knowledge of autophagy and the function of microRNAs. Then, we summarize the mechanism of autophagy and the signaling pathways related to autophagy by citing at least the main proteins involved in the different phases of the process. Second, we introduce other members of RNA and report some examples in various pathologies. Finally, we review the current literature regarding microRNA‐based therapies for cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease, tuberculosis, and viral diseases. MicroRNAs can cause autophagy upregulation or downregulation by targeting genes or affecting autophagy‐related signaling pathways. Therefore, the microRNAs have a huge potential in autophagy regulation, and it is the function as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

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“…DNA methylation controls embryonic cell fate lineages and prevents reversion to an undifferentiated state [17]. Frequency of methylation is nearly one order of magnitude higher in human miRNA genes compared to the methylation of other protein-coding genes [18,19]. This indicates strict epigenetic control of miRNA expression and also reveals how epigenetic changes in cancer cells can lead to dysregulated expression of miRNAs by cancer cells.…”

Section: Regulation Of Mirna Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplicitous Dispositions of Micro-RNAs (miRs) in Breast Cancer

Qattan¹

2019

Genes and Cancer

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In 1993, a gene silencer known as lin-4 was first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrated to be critical for larval development. Lin-4 belongs to a family of signaling molecules known as non-protein coding microRNAs (miRNAs) which are not only highly conserved in humans, but also involved in the fundamental processes of oncogenesis. While miRNAs are not translated to proteins themselves, they are capable of regulating the expression and translation of other genes thus affecting a multitude of biological and pathological pathways as well as those essential to the malignant landscape. The aim of this chapter is to explore the diverse roles of miRNAs in the context of breast cancer. Following a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis, this chapter covers the production of miRNAs by tumor cells and stromal cells, onco-suppressor miRNAs, use as therapeutics, contribution to therapeutic resistance, and finally their emerging role as biomarkers.

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Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of microRNA expression

Cited by 121 publications

References 79 publications

Is it useful to use several “omics” for obtaining valuable results?

Is it useful to use several “omics” for obtaining valuable results?

MicroRNAs play an essential role in autophagy regulation in various disease phenotypes

Duplicitous Dispositions of Micro-RNAs (miRs) in Breast Cancer

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