Epigenome Modulation Induced by Ketogenic Diets

Ungaro, Paola; Nettore, Immacolata Cristina; Franchini, Fabiana; Palatucci, Giuseppe; Muscogiuri, Giovanna; Colao, Annamaria; Macchia, Paolo Emidio

doi:10.3390/nu14153245

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the level of methylation in the cg05575921 site in current smokers, helping to counteract the hypomethylation induced by smoking. It is known that diet can have an effect on DNA methylation [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ], although this is not well understood. Although this is the first study to focus on the effect of Mediterranean diet on DNA methylation at the genome-wide level, other studies have examined the impact of specific foods/nutrients on the methylation at the CpGs in the AHRR gene depending on the smoking status [ 110 , 111 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the consistency in detecting hypomethylation in smokers, there have been reports of ethnic differences [ 63 ] that would be interesting to investigate further in order to identify more population-specific biomarkers, especially when considering the underrepresented populations of southern Europe [ 64 , 65 ]. Moreover, although it is known that diet might affect DNA methylation [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ], none of the large epidemiological studies cited have evaluated the effect of dietary patterns on the differences of DNA methylation between smokers and nonsmokers at the epigenome-wide level [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Our hypothesis is that the methylome signature of tobacco smoking in a southern European population will share characteristics with those of other populations for CpGs with more consistent effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA-Methylation Signatures of Tobacco Smoking in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population: Modulation by the Mediterranean Diet

Fernández-Carrión

Sorlí

Asensio

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Biomarkers based on DNA methylation are relevant in the field of environmental health for precision health. Although tobacco smoking is one of the factors with a strong and consistent impact on DNA methylation, there are very few studies analyzing its methylation signature in southern European populations and none examining its modulation by the Mediterranean diet at the epigenome-wide level. We examined blood methylation smoking signatures on the EPIC 850 K array in this population (n = 414 high cardiovascular risk subjects). Epigenome-wide methylation studies (EWASs) were performed analyzing differential methylation CpG sites by smoking status (never, former, and current smokers) and the modulation by adherence to a Mediterranean diet score was explored. Gene-set enrichment analysis was performed for biological and functional interpretation. The predictive value of the top differentially methylated CpGs was analyzed using receiver operative curves. We characterized the DNA methylation signature of smoking in this Mediterranean population by identifying 46 differentially methylated CpGs at the EWAS level in the whole population. The strongest association was observed at the cg21566642 (p = 2.2 × 10−32) in the 2q37.1 region. We also detected other CpGs that have been consistently reported in prior research and discovered some novel differentially methylated CpG sites in subgroup analyses. In addition, we found distinct methylation profiles based on the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Particularly, we obtained a significant interaction between smoking and diet modulating the cg5575921 methylation in the AHRR gene. In conclusion, we have characterized biomarkers of the methylation signature of tobacco smoking in this population, and suggest that the Mediterranean diet can increase methylation of certain hypomethylated sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA-Methylation Signatures of Tobacco Smoking in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population: Modulation by the Mediterranean Diet

Fernández-Carrión

Sorlí

Asensio

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Recently, a beneficial association between KD and epigenetic modulation has surfaced. Implementation of KD resulted in changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA levels [ 111 ]. Data on this aspect are still at their very early stages and future studies may be directed into investigating this field further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ketogenic Diet in Colorectal Cancer: A Means to an End

Tamraz

Ghossaini²,

Temraz

2023

IJMS

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Some diets, such as high lipid and high glucose diets, are known to increase the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, little is known about diets that prevent colonic carcinogenesis. The ketogenic diet, which is characterized by high fat and very low carbohydrate content, is one such diet. The ketogenic diet decreases the amount of available glucose for tumors and shifts to the production of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source for healthy cells. Cancer cells are unable to use the ketone bodies for energy thus depriving them of the energy needed for progression and survival. Many studies reported the beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in several types of cancers. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate has been found to possess anti-tumor potential in colorectal cancer. Despite its beneficial effects, the ketogenic diet also has some drawbacks, some of which are related to gastrointestinal disorders and weight loss. Thus, studies are being directed at this time towards finding alternatives to following a strict ketogenic diet and supplementing patients with the ketone bodies responsible for its beneficial effects in the hope of overcoming some potential setbacks. This article discusses the mechanism by which a ketogenic diet influences growth and proliferation of tumor cells, it sheds the light on the most recent trials regarding its use as an adjunctive measure to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and it explains the limitations of its usage in metastatic patients and the promising role of exogenous ketone supplementation in this setting.

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“…KD can also delay cancer development by causing epigenetic changes [76]. Ketones exhibit antihistone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifaceted Roles of Ketogenic Diets in Neurology-Brain Cancers and Other Neurologic Diseases

Tan-Shalaby¹,

Khalifa²,

Binsaeedu³

2023

Recent Prog Nutr

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The ketogenic diet (KD) is currently well known in the lay media as a quick way to lose weight. However, the KD is not a new medical concept. The KD was used in the early 1900s to control seizures. However, as we developed more effective pharmacological agents, we used the KD less until it became practically obscure by the 1980s. Similar to the effects of fasting, the KD leads to the production of ketones as an alternative energy source to glucose. Therefore, the KD has many beneficial metabolic effects, such as an improved immune response, regulation of signal transduction, inflammatory pathways, and neurotransmission. There is growing evidence that KD can be used in the management of various disorders, such as mitochondrial diseases, metabolic disorders, and even cancer. From a neurological standpoint, the KD may have therapeutic benefits in multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, dementia, and stroke. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to outline the current research in the literature on the great potential of the KD as part of a comprehensive neurological treatment plan covering multiple neurological disorders such as status epilepticus, traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, neuropathies, and cancers.

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Epigenome Modulation Induced by Ketogenic Diets

Cited by 14 publications

References 106 publications

DNA-Methylation Signatures of Tobacco Smoking in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population: Modulation by the Mediterranean Diet

DNA-Methylation Signatures of Tobacco Smoking in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population: Modulation by the Mediterranean Diet

The Ketogenic Diet in Colorectal Cancer: A Means to an End

The Multifaceted Roles of Ketogenic Diets in Neurology-Brain Cancers and Other Neurologic Diseases

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