Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy: Definitions Proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)

Fisher, Robert S.; Boas, W. van Emde; Blume, Warren T.; Elger, Christian E.; Genton, Pierre; Lee, Phillip; Engel, Jerome

doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x

Cited by 3,114 publications

(2,081 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A standardized data collection form was designed to collect demographic data, epilepsy characteristics (type, etiology, duration, AED treatment), date of inclusion in the register (regardless of the date of epilepsy diagnosis), CRFs at inclusion, and cardiovascular events. The register included only patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy according to the 2005 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition (Fisher et al., 2005). To identify cases for this study, electronic medical records of the patients attended in the outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of epilepsy were revised one‐by‐one by the principal investigator (RMVH).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in people with epilepsy

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesEpilepsy has been associated with cardiovascular comorbidity. This study aimed to assess the potential association between cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and etiology.Material and MethodsA single‐center retrospective epilepsy cohort from the decade of 2004–2013 was assessed. Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated to obtain CRF prevalence ratios (PR) according to AED prescription and etiology.ResultsAfter excluding patients in the monotherapy group with vascular etiology or previous cardiovascular events, in the remaining 400 patients, enzyme‐inducer AEDs (EIAEDs), especially phenytoin (PHT), were associated with higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (PRa 1.77, p < .05), compared to valproic acid. No etiology was associated with higher prevalence of any CRF.ConclusionsPatients treated with EIAEDs, especially PHT, had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in people with epilepsy

et al. 2016

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“…We searched the remaining patient records for seizures, epilepsy, myoclonus, head trauma, and fluctuations using the word stems “seiz‐”, “spells”, “epil‐”, “eeg”, “myo‐”, “head”, and “fluc‐”. A seizure disorder (i.e., epilepsy) was defined as two or more unprovoked seizures or one unprovoked seizure with EEG evidence of epileptiform activity 15. We excluded patients who had a seizure but did not meet the criteria for a seizure disorder ( n = 1) or had other seizure risk factors, including urinary tract infection with a fever ( n = 1), normal pressure hydrocephalus with a shunt and fever ( n = 1), stroke ( n = 1), and a frontal cavernous hemangioma ( n = 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network dysfunction in α‐synuclein transgenic mice and human Lewy body dementia

Morris

Sanchez

Verret

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is associated with the accumulation of wild‐type human α‐synuclein (SYN) in neurons and with prominent slowing of brain oscillations on electroencephalography (EEG). However, it remains uncertain whether the EEG abnormalities are actually caused by SYN.MethodsTo determine whether SYN can cause neural network abnormalities, we performed EEG recordings and analyzed the expression of neuronal activity‐dependent gene products in SYN transgenic mice. We also carried out comparative analyses in humans with DLB.ResultsWe demonstrate that neuronal expression of SYN in transgenic mice causes a left shift in spectral power that closely resembles the EEG slowing observed in DLB patients. Surprisingly, SYN mice also had seizures and showed molecular hippocampal alterations indicative of aberrant network excitability, including calbindin depletion in the dentate gyrus. In postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients, we found reduced levels of calbindin mRNA in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, nearly one quarter of DLB patients showed myoclonus, a clinical sign of aberrant network excitability that was associated with an earlier age of onset of cognitive impairments. In SYN mice, partial suppression of epileptiform activity did not alter their shift in spectral power. Furthermore, epileptiform activity in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice was not associated with a left shift in spectral power.InterpretationWe conclude that neuronal accumulation of SYN slows brain oscillations and, in parallel, causes aberrant network excitability that can escalate into seizure activity. The potential role of aberrant network excitability in DLB merits further investigation.

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“…One in 26 people in the USA will develop epilepsy in their lifetime [1]. Characterized by recurrent seizures, epilepsy encompasses multiple disorders caused by varied etiologies, including genetic syndromes, stroke, infection, and traumatic brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

et al. 2015

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Cannabis has been used for centuries to treat seizures. Recent anecdotal reports, accumulating animal model data, and mechanistic insights have raised interest in cannabisbased antiepileptic therapies. In this study, we review current understanding of the endocannabinoid system, characterize the pro-and anticonvulsive effects of cannabinoids [e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD)], and highlight scientific evidence from pre-clinical and clinical trials of cannabinoids in epilepsy. These studies suggest that CBD avoids the psychoactive effects of the endocannabinoid system to provide a well-tolerated, promising therapeutic for the treatment of seizures, while whole-plant cannabis can both contribute to and reduce seizures. Finally, we discuss results from a new multicenter, open-label study using CBD in a population with treatment-resistant epilepsy. In all, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and guide future basic science and clinical studies.

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Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy: Definitions Proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)

Cited by 3,114 publications

References 2 publications

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in people with epilepsy

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in people with epilepsy

Network dysfunction in α‐synuclein transgenic mice and human Lewy body dementia

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

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