Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus

Baric, Ralph S.; Yount, Boyd; Hensley, Lisa E.; Peel, Sheila A.; Chen, Wan

doi:10.1128/jvi.71.3.1946-1955.1997

Cited by 103 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The most elegant work came from studies of gradual adaptation of MHV to Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The resulting passaged virus grew efficiently in murine, hamster, human, and primate cells, clearly demonstrating the ability of coronaviruses to cross species barriers (Baric et al, 1997). This report was remarkably prescient, coming less than 10 years before the natural experiment of SARS-CoV transmission from animals into humans.…”

Section: Evolution and Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 76%

SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis

et al. 2008

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Much progress has been made in understanding the role of structural and accessory proteins in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections. The SARS epidemic also brought new attention to the proteins translated from ORF1a and ORF1b of the input genome RNA, also known as the replicase/transcriptase gene. Evidence for change within the ORF1ab coding sequence during the SARS epidemic, as well as evidence from studies with other coronaviruses, indicates that it is likely that the ORF1ab proteins play roles in virus pathogenesis distinct from or in addition to functions directly involved in viral replication. Recent reverse genetic studies have confirmed that proteins of ORF1ab may be involved in cellular signaling and modification of cellular gene expression, as well as virulence by mechanisms yet to be determined. Thus, the evolution of the ORF1ab proteins may be determined as much by issues of host range and virulence as they are by specific requirements for intracellular replication.

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Section: Evolution and Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 76%

SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis

et al. 2008

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“…Many viruses that have been serially passaged, or isolated from persistently infected cells, have acquired the ability to infect previously non-susceptible cells. For coronaviruses, the extended host range of such viruses has not only been described for IBV (Otsuki et al, 1979;Tay et al, 2012;), but also for MHV (Baric et al, 1997(Baric et al, , 1999McRoy and Baric, 2008;Sawicki et al, 1995;Schickli et al, 1997Schickli et al, , 1998. Cells persistently infected with MHV and passaged multiple times generated a virus that gained the ability to enter cells independent of its natural protein receptor CEACAM, but rather use heparan sulfate, explaining their extended cell tropism (de Haan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

et al. 2013

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The spike protein is the major viral attachment protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and ultimately determines viral tropism. The S1 subunit of the spike is assumed to be required for virus attachment. However, we have previously shown that this domain of the embryo- and cell culture adapted Beaudette strain, in contrast to that of the virulent M41 strain, is not sufficient for binding to chicken trachea (Wickramasinghe et al., 2011). In the present study, we demonstrated that the lack of binding of Beaudette S1 was not due to absence of virus receptors on this tissue nor due to the production of S1 from mammalian cells, as S1 proteins expressed from chicken cells also lacked the ability to bind IBV-susceptible embryonic tissue. Subsequently, we addressed the contribution of the S2 subunit of the spike in IBV attachment. Recombinant IBV Beaudette spike ectodomains, comprising the entire S1 domain and the S2 ectodomain, were expressed and analyzed for binding to susceptible embryonic chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) in our previously developed spike histochemistry assay. We observed that extension of the S1 domain with the S2 subunit of the Beaudette spike was sufficient to gain binding to CAM. A previously suggested heparin sulfate binding site in Beaudette S2 was not required for the observed binding to CAM, while sialic acids on the host tissues were essential for the attachment. To further elucidate the role of S2 the spike ectodomains of virulent IBV M41 and chimeras of M41 and Beaudette were analyzed for their binding to CAM, chicken trachea and mammalian cell lines. While the M41 spike ectodomain showed increased attachment to both CAM and chicken trachea, no binding to mammalian cells was observed. In contrast, Beaudette spike ectodomain had relatively weak ability to bind to chicken trachea, but displayed marked extended host range to mammalian cells. Binding patterns of chimeric spike ectodomains to these tissues and cells indicate that S2 subunits most likely do not contain an additional independent receptor-binding site. Rather, the interplay between S1 and S2 subunits of spikes from the same viral origin might finally determine the avidity and specificity of virus attachment and thus viral host range.

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“…For MHV, persistent infection in tissue culture was shown to lead to the selection of variant viruses with an extended host range (Baric et al, 1997(Baric et al, , 1999Schickli et al, 1997). These viruses gained the ability to grow in cell lines from numerous species not permissive to wild-type MHV through an acquired recognition of receptors other than CEA-CAM1.…”

Section: Receptor Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

Masters

2006

Advances in Virus Research

1,557

1,677

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Coronaviruses are large, enveloped RNA viruses of both medical and veterinary importance. Interest in this viral family has intensified in the past few years as a result of the identification of a newly emerged coronavirus as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of unusual strategies to accomplish a complex program of gene expression. Coronavirus replication entails ribosome frameshifting during genome translation, the synthesis of both genomic and multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of progeny virions by a pathway that is unique among enveloped RNA viruses. Progress in the investigation of these processes has been enhanced by the development of reverse genetic systems, an advance that was heretofore obstructed by the enormous size of the coronavirus genome. This review summarizes both classical and contemporary discoveries in the study of the molecular biology of these infectious agents, with particular emphasis on the nature and recognition of viral receptors, viral RNA synthesis, and the molecular interactions governing virion assembly.

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Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus

Cited by 103 publications

References 63 publications

SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis

SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

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