2020
DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12887
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Epithelioid glioblastoma with microglia features: potential for novel therapy

Abstract: Epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM) was recently designated as a subtype of glioblastoma (GBM) by the World Health Organization (2016). E-GBM is an aggressive and rare variant of GBM that primarily occurs in children and young adults. Although most characterized cases of E-GBM harbor a mutation of the BRAF gene in which valine (V) is substituted by glutamic acid (E) at amino acid 600 (BRAF-V600E), in addition to telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions, the origins and… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, biomimetic tumor-on-a-chip on GBM have predicted promising outcome of co-targeting M2-TAM combined with anti-PD-1 [ 307 ]. In epithelioid GBM (with markers of the BRAF‐V600E and TERT C228T promoter mutations and the absence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations), CSF-1R is also detected broadly on epithelioid GBM cells and combination of inhibiting BRAF-V600E and BLZ945 reduces cell viabilities [ 308 ]. Those recent studies in vitro indicate potential efficacy of targeting TAM with other immunotherapies.…”
Section: Glioblastomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, biomimetic tumor-on-a-chip on GBM have predicted promising outcome of co-targeting M2-TAM combined with anti-PD-1 [ 307 ]. In epithelioid GBM (with markers of the BRAF‐V600E and TERT C228T promoter mutations and the absence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations), CSF-1R is also detected broadly on epithelioid GBM cells and combination of inhibiting BRAF-V600E and BLZ945 reduces cell viabilities [ 308 ]. Those recent studies in vitro indicate potential efficacy of targeting TAM with other immunotherapies.…”
Section: Glioblastomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Identifying differences between these malignant tumors of the brain depends mainly on pathological examination. GFAP and S-100 are found in glioblastoma, and Olig2 and S100 are found in epithelioid glioblastoma [ 11 ], but not in epithelioid angiosarcoma [ 5 ]. Therefore, Olig2-negativity as well as GFAP-negativity in EA confirms that the tumor did not arise from glial cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In our patient, monocytes and macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the glioblastoma component, while CD4+ lymphocytes and NK cells are found in the epithelioid component. Interestingly, epithelioid glioblastoma cells express MHC class II antigen, CD68, and colony-stimulating factor receptor-1 commonly found in microglia/macrophage lineage, and therefore, they may interact with CD4+ and NK cells in the process ( 26 ). These cells also possess phagocytic activity and lysozyme, and they secrete a massive amount of IL-6 when stimulated in cell culture ( 26 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, epithelioid glioblastoma cells express MHC class II antigen, CD68, and colony-stimulating factor receptor-1 commonly found in microglia/macrophage lineage, and therefore, they may interact with CD4+ and NK cells in the process ( 26 ). These cells also possess phagocytic activity and lysozyme, and they secrete a massive amount of IL-6 when stimulated in cell culture ( 26 ). Therefore, it is plausible that our patient's glioblastoma precursor possesses genomic and transcriptomic differences at the level of individual tumor cells, and the subsequent infiltration of CD4+ and NK cells, which we believe is a stochastic process, provided selection pressure and promoted the emergence of the epithelioid glioblastoma phenotype.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%